Prescriptive Ethics - Social and Environmental Sustainability, Cultural Understanding - Essay Example

BUSINESS SOCIETY By Name Course Instructor Institution City/State Date Ethics Information from relevant readings According to Cohen (2004), normative ethics is different from meta-ethics given that it analyses rationales for the suitability and immoralities of behaviours, while on its part meta-ethics reviews the importance of ethical language as well as moral facts metaphysics. I side with a number of scholars such as Freeman (2005) who deduced that there is no relationship in any way between prescriptions as well as descriptions. For Cohen (2004), being conscious of numerous details possibly plus what people perceive is the correct thing to do, as well as what it is that people perceive as morality basis is extremely pertinent to get the insight concerning how people must conduct themselves. Therefore, i concur with (Somerville, 2009, p.213) notion that prescriptions are pertinent to descriptions, but these two things are not alike. On its part, descriptive ethics, as well recognized as comparative ethics, is based on individual's perceptions in regards to morality. What’s more, it is different from the normative ethics, which is based on moral theories that stipulate how individuals must behave, as well as with meta-ethics, which is rooted in moral theories and terms (Handy, 2012, p.36). Concepts from the relevant part of the course Basically, handling moral and ethics way of thinking is coping with 'prescriptive ethics', which is based on the interest of how people are supposed to act. In life experience, I understand that ethical encounters can take place at three distinct phases of generality while in each of the three phases; there can be debate, disagreement, obligation, as well as analysis. According to Cohen (2004), the phases are strongly connected, but ironically they are incredibly highly unlike; therefore, they must not be conflated or confused. From the least common to the most wide-ranging, there are only three phases: normative issues, normative principles, as well as moralizing. Economically, I suppose that a cost-effective assumption is offered for the public wellbeing since growth will fuel demand, and ubiquitously distribute relieve and development; therefore, no jingoist or an ethical person might go up against it (Pfeffer, 2013, p.36). However, the growth nature, on the contrary, for instance, to aged concepts like nurturing, is that it is immediately adrift and considerably spontaneous in the never-ending demand for every ineffectual thing globally (Freeman, 2005, p.114). I suppose, Adam Smith, would be desperate to find the manner in which the inventiveness as well as our businesses’ energies at the moment are frequently directed to such inconsequential endings. Personal experience Essentially, the use of fast advancing domains of hardware and software engineering as well as biotechnology to restructure intellect or life raises social issues. I believe there is a moral responsibility producer side to make sure that the virtual pet or robot does not damage social standard. Furthermore, I would not assume that there is no effect of new-fangled technology on the society; given that, creation of robots leads to substitution of manpower, which economically reduce costs, but socially leads to unemployment within the society. However, on my view, I understand that new jobs opportunities in the IT industry are generated, given that there has been a logical fear of automation introduction in industry. In real sense, automated looms were developed to perform the same task as the weavers: this sent thousands of employees packing immediately after the introduction of the machines. This is apparent in the banking industry, whereby thousands of bank staff lost their jobs after the introduction of automated tellers machines (ATM). Pursuant to the introduction of robots, it was notable that industries with demanding workforce were fast to implement application of robotic technologies with the aim of improving efficiency, effectiveness, security as well as their financial system. I know robots can operate non-stop, and repairing them is uncomplicated plus they do not need employees amenities, but substituting workers with robots is socially unethical even if the perceived robots reduce costs of labour, as well as union influence (Cohen, 2004, p.8). Everyone will concur with me that the substitution of people by computerized systems lead to redundancy within the society, in particular for the minority groups and substandard employees, which in turn, leads to long-standing joblessness. Social and environmental sustainability Information from relevant readings Presently, with environmental setbacks, particularly climate change, which has poised become dominant political, economic, and social setbacks in our modern world (Sandhu, 2010, p.286). Thus, I expect as well corporate conservationism to gain ever-increasing significance as a key premeditated issue for companies, across the world. Large and more visible companies are expected in the coming years to be compelled to move further than the stage of regulatory compliance. Mackey (2013) cautions that environmental setbacks presently as well as in the future cannot be exclusively handled at operational echelon; rather public demands can progressively compel businesses organizations to move further than regulatory acquiescence as well as toward enforcing a tactical positive approach to such setbacks. Seemingly, businessmen are the most reasonable people, which indicate entity managers or business directors (Haanaes et al., 2013, p.112). I have noted that nearly all of the debate concerning social responsibility is aimed at business organizations, thus, mostly corporate executives are more important when it comes to social and environmental sustainability (Mackey, 2013, p.34). Concepts from the relevant part of the course I know that sustainability supports good utilisation of available resources, which includes not only ensuring that the company getting maximum profits, but that the process is not generation environmental anxieties that might bring about harm in terms of local environment balance. Basically, by being watchful of the operation effect on the neighbouring society, i concur that the business can select resources that are more forthcoming to the environment and deliberate on a plan concerning waste disposal that cannot bring harm to the society (Friedman, 1970, p.175). Ultimately, interest to these forms of information has the chances to improve the society’s investment in the continual business operation, as well as enhance its probability for remaining to be a feasible business permanently (Haanaes et al., 2013, p.112). Whereas the idea of economic sustainability is undemanding, there are possible impediments that may perhaps be established in various organisations. According to Ignatius (2012), opposition to transformation can over and over again lead to inefficient application of obtainable wherewithal. I believe that failing to trail operating cost and substantiate expenses will as well have unfavourable impact on the lasting firmness of the business organisation, which as a result, will restrict the possibility of sustainability (Haanaes et al., 2013, p.122). Consequently, business organisation from time to time operate with external consultants who can assess the operation of the business with comparatively modest prejudice and reveal what requires to be carried out to enhance the operation sustainability (Haanaes et al., 2013, p.113). Personal experience Sustainability for the business community is above simple window-dressing. I concur with Sandhu (2010) notion that by enforcing practices that are sustainable, business organisations can achieve extra competitive advantage, their market share will undoubtedly increase, and the shareholder value will improve. In addition, the increasing need for 'green' products has generated key novel markets wherein attentive eco-industrialists are reaping profits. I remember the global notion which stated that making sustainability enhancements implies investing ones energy as well as time. To reap sustainable results, i think organisations must examine their functions and assess functionality (Friedman, 1970, p.175). Basically, this will assist them to deliberate on which fields to make use of sustainability so as to brace their organisational objectives. Besides, large organizations such General Motors and Toyota must opt for the most effectual sustainability approaches for their operations and afterward deliberate how they will be implemented. I my own view organizations must take into account capital expenses, allotting employees or developing certain personnel expertise. Furthermore, business organization can make factual developments by ensuring that procedures are up to date and ascertaining sustainability culture within the place of work (Haanaes et al., 2013, p.112). Nearly all business organizations carrying out their investment in sustainability get direct gains based on energy efficiency, cost savings, and employee’s commitment. I understand that organization can get benefits when they perform their activities sustainably regardless if they decide to concentrate on product development schemes or economical competence drivers that bring about efficiency benefits as well as an improved carbon footprint. Cultural Understanding Information from relevant readings In essence, Rachels (1993) posits that different cultures contain distinct ethical codes; thus, there is no certainty in ethics. I undoubtedly concur with Rachels (1993) that both right and wrong are just themes of belief, and beliefs differ from one culture to another. The verity that there are disparities fails to point out that there is no wide-ranging ethics. For instance, nearly all societies concur that murder is immoral and contain penalties in opposition to things such as robbery. Conversely, based on cultural relativism, I can no more articulate that the other societies’ traditions are ethically mediocre as compared to that of our own. Pfeffer (2011) posits that in case there is no comprehensive rationale that assists us choose what is correct and incorrect impartially, after that when an oppressor or autocrat does horrifying things in a different state, in that regard the culturalist relativist can do nothing to substantiate assisting that society (Beard, 2012, p.136). Given that cultural relativism concerns patience, then business organisations must attempt to be patient with all and sundry's beliefs, but in the process they may relinquish the concept of moral independence; from this the notion of ethical advancement is disregarded (Beard, 2012, p.136). Therefore, whereas cultural relativism attempts to bear as well as embrace disparities in the midst of societies and people, it is insufficient to assist hopeless cultures and countries that are subjugated. On balance, I can affirm that cultural relativists rebuff standard of judgment, and to them everyone’s friend is no one’s friend, in particular since everyone’s friend cannot be biased and renounces on correct and incorrect, as well as therefore, renounces on the notion of moral progress. Concepts from the relevant part of the course Basically, the rational and emotional subsists in a condition of productive inconsistency: emotions advocate the psyche to greater awareness, while mind cleanses emotions. Thus, moral culture fails to embellish the significance of the emotional aspects of morals at rational expense, but purely connects feelings as well as knowledge, influences and enthusiasms, with personality, temperament, individual determination and sense of right and wrong (Bell, 2010, p.124). Knowledge based on concepts and principles, standards and rules, prerequisites and responsibilities which put across the significance of the good fails to subsist as uncongenial details. What’s more, between moral deed as well as knowledge for all time operate the resultant beliefs exclusive of which it may be unfeasible to seize one's own view of civil position and life (Wrzesniewski et al., 2010, p.116). In this regard, ethical culture exists in unison between mind and heart as well as in cancellation of spirit slothfulness, shrivels of determination and sense of right and wrong, emotional blindness and deafness, and coherent iciness (Bell, 2010, p.124). In structure of entity ethical awareness, familiarity of morals subsists not as unfriendly facts, but in the structure of beliefs as well as concepts. What’s more, the connection between moral conduct and moral consciousness is rooted on feelings and emotions, as well as beliefs and knowledge (Molinsky, 2012, p.139). Personal experience Personally, I believe culture is repeatedly the basis of communication setbacks, and digging into past experiences as well as the manner in which numerous cultural societies have connected to each other allows cross-cultural communication. When organizations become more conscious of cultural disparities, and the process of searching cultural resemblances, can assist them interrelate with others more successfully. When business organization finds themselves in a perplexing state of affairs, they must inquire how culture can shape their own reactions, and attempt to perceive the market from a different perspective (Wrzesniewski et al., 2010, p.116). In this regard, they can get a premeditated competitive edge in a cultural and organisational milieu by looking for influence, instead of reducing competitors’ force. References Read More