Designing a Sports Facility - Essay Example

Designing a Sport Facility Name Course Lecturer Date The goal and rationale behind laying down a design for a sporting facility will be determined by several factors and components. Such components include reliability engineering, construction materials, installation and fabrication procedures, systems and hardware inspection, instrument and alarm management, preventive, maintenance and procedure for demolition. The purpose and objectives will determine the facilities qualities, descriptions and identification of most important features and their consequences. The design process entails engineering analysis and management oversight. It is important to review on the capital project and the design procedures taking into account the state of already existing facilities, time factor and future expansion issues. For instance Brazil preparation for 2014 WC event aims at increasing the host cities from 10-12 as a way to provide economic and financial benefits as well as giving many of its citizens watching opportunity (The Independent, 2012). The question of designing and developing a soccer facility must take into considerations the regulations and safety standards of FIFA. Standard will relate to a greater extent on how the government, local and international sports organizations will respond. For instance, though Brazil has accepted the bid to host the WC 2014, it has no stadiums that comply with FIFA standards of safety. The Maracana stadium preparations are expected to transform the infrastructure and its social atmosphere (Vinton, 2011). Therefore, comprehensive, valuable and relevant knowledge will facilitate the implementation of such standards targets in the design. Other fundamentals of quality facility will be determined by the components of safety in explosions, fires and meeting safety regulations while reducing safety incidents; and management where there is exercise and control of processes of engineers, operators, and maintenance personnel. The soccer facility should have broad uses as possible and serve broad interests of the public. A design should aim to host professional sports, mega-events and still substantially be available for other public events such as parades, festivals, rallies, and pageants. This is an important consideration in subsidization process. If this is put in mind the facility will offer the public the services they demand and realize adequate profit on the investment. Another issue in the current social facilities development is that the marginal social benefit must exceed the marginal social cost. South Africa hosted the 2010 World Cup. The site for Cape Town’s stadium was just adjacent to Atlantic Ocean. This gave the participants and spectators a vast experience. Its space and topography allowed the Golf course to be relocated nearby when the stadium was complete. The Durban’s stadium enormous arch is an interesting case where renovations are considered to enhance its workability. The arch was meant for spectators to get a spectacular view by ascending using a cable car. The design of roof of truss beams may be fitted in a way that they can be raised, lowered or rotated to control weather aspects (Project 2010, 2010) The quality, attributes, time and cost form specific factors which give important labels for the facility. The design has to consider the involvement from primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of participants and the roles of owners, coaches, trainers, managers, scouts, officials, spectators, journalists, publicists, vendors, and sports sociologists. In Brazil the condition of airports and country’s development is being addressed. Better accommodation infrastructure can be enhanced by athletes, spectators and middle class whom are significantly expanding. In consideration of quality the design can adopt a tenet of improved value outcomes, increased customers or users and staff satisfaction, increased staff productivity, minimized adverse events and enhancing cost effectiveness. It should also meet customers demand and provide personal service in an active and correct way (Smith, 2006). The facility demographic and identification characteristics including employees, the price, facility access, concessions, fan comfort, game experience, show time, convenience, and smoking and should greatly be considered to enhance quality (Kelley, & Turley, 2001). A well designed facility encourages physical activity. An increased level of access, size, distance and attractiveness of the facility increases the public usage. The design should therefore increase walking throughout to encourage active use by sports participants, walkers, and picnickers. The success of the project is significantly determined by the economic value to the immediate community. Therefore, it should take into account the resources available, affordability of building materials and operation facilities. However, due to problems related to environmental licensing, funding issues and poor planning slow progress mostly can result. An example is current slow progress in Brazilian airports in twelve host cities (Vinton, 2011). The new facility and other infrastructural development which will be required must have positive effects on development. Past developments should be used to provide evidence on how such positive effects can be enhanced through outstanding architectural quality (Zakus, Skinner, & Edwards, 2009). Quality features solve the challenges and key issue that spring from stadia infrastructure, stakeholder’s issues, use of the facility in its location and choices for governance in the new facility arrangements. The Northern Australia case of Urbenville fictional city is quite relevant in the study involving the municipal governments and the state which have decided to use $ 600 Min in construction of a sport stadium (Hoye, & Nicholson, 2010). Site and location decision are perhaps the most critical and important factor in the design. Ramifications of locating the facilities must be broadly based, and long-lasting, to impact on numerous logistical and operational decisions. Schimmel, (2011) argues that in consideration of safety and vulnerability, site creates a geo-political context. For the security requirements the facilities should be located far away from urban communities and spaces. Sports are national and international special security events and therefore a target-rich environment can offer an opportunity for a terrorist strike. This also reduces the high cost of acquisition and construction as well as considers long term expansion investments. According to Owen, & Daskin, (1998), to make the undertaking profitable the facility should remain in operation for a longer period. Site decision will determine not only the state of the current system but profitability for its lifetime. Environmental changes, population shift and changes in market trends over time should relate well with the site decisions. The design codes and standards of the facility give the managers the tools for evaluating the facility quality, programs and staff. Accepted standards entails the minimal performance that are expected in the facility and the guidelines or codes recommends that each facility should achieve higher expectations than just minimal. Due to the length of time spent in the facility by spectators and adverse weather in a different part of the world, facility for future use should have an integrated system of heating and cooling in sport halls. A research by Sipilä, et al (2009) can show how carbon dioxide can be used as a medium for heat transfer, with intermittent heat pump. Such a model for heat production, consumption, heating and cooling can help in making favourable facilities. Such a report is a guide for its design and equipment. Facility managers get tips of the equipment, services, or programming to provide in order to enhance the overall experience in their facility and thus increase and retain usage and membership. A study by Yoshida, & James, (2010) showed that sport facility employees and its access are major determinants of service satisfaction. It also gives guidance toward the standard of care to offer to users and members. Facility management aspects including risk management ,emergency planning, pre-activity screening, supervision, orientation, staff qualifications, design and construction, equipment, and operational practices must be complied with as it is beneficial to health and users fitness. Security system is the concern for all the parties involved and should be paramount in the designing. In Brazil Johnson Controls have been mandated to design and fit integrated and advanced security systems in the12 soccer stadiums. The project will include video surveillance, mass access and control systems which are designed for the quick pass of many people, ticket systems and communications network in the stadiums which will spend $29 million (Johnson controls, 2012).  Mechanical integrity, inspection and maintenance issue involves aspects such as developing written procedures to ensure maintenance of process tools in a regular manner complying with manufacturers' preventive suggestions. In addition, software programs to promote better monitoring, scheduling, and recording of performance and prevention should exist. It is vital for necessary inspection and monitoring of power systems, sitting arena, piping, pumps, relief and venting. There should be sustenance and verification of various control and devices for emergency shutdown. The facility should enhance deliberate or inadvertent change management during maintenance and improvement. There ought to have a classification of precise changes in tools and technology. The standard should incorporate various changes to input materials, tools, conditions, and processes. And therefore appropriately facilitate management and be ready to cope with operating limits of the facility such as temperature, climate and pressure. Personnel are another important factor to consider in enhancing the service qualities. The significant among those qualities are job skills, safe working practices, initial training, employee proficiency and fitness for doing the duty. Employee quality problem solving will depend on facility’s foundation of planning, leadership, quality control, and improvement. The program should be customer focused, driven by data, and meet users diverse need through employees’ empowerment. In 2006 Germany WC bid to lift their low standards services Germany used psychological offensive billboards and officials encouraged restaurants, airports, transport companies, and taxi firms as a way of training employees to answer questions warmly, smile more and speak English a bit (Dowling, 2006). Another quality determinant is the facility’s emergency plan, response and management. Emergency plans incorporate escape methods and route designations. There should be methods that account for the staff procedures in reporting emergences and fires (Johnson controls, 2012). Fitted alarm mechanism should be followed by worker training to make it responsive. The organization of individuals in terms of names, title and departments can offer required information and clarification of roles and responsibilities that are under an emergency plan making it effective. Emergency response is based more on staff training. Existing standards has an obligation for managers to incorporate methods to handle minor problems. Jones, (2002) analyses the economic value and development that result from stadiums. Cardiff, a Millennium Stadium in UK has hosted many sporting events and has become a potential part of economic development. This is through events-based, regional and wider-city development. The local agencies have got maximum regional benefit through their long-term operations and more specifically during the 1999 Rugby World Cup. However, the cost-benefit measure of Germany 2006 World Cup rarely did identify significant economic benefit. The issue of sustainability in investing in stadiums came in as South Africa prepared for WC 2010 and had therefore to critically analyse the potential benefits and risks (Maennig, & Du Plessis, 2007). The value is underestimated and at times neglected due to the effect of public image and the feel-good of sports events. Horne, (2004) argues on how the Japan case WC 2002 hosting concludes on how general improvement in life quality of it people and income generation has not been accomplished. Sports are all about the relationship between the local and the global and therefore socio-economic and political development that results from such events are determined by centre-periphery power relations. References Coates D A Humphreys, B. R. B. (2008). Do economists reach a conclusion on subsidies for sports franchises, stadiums, and mega-events? Econ Journal Watch, 5(3), 294-315. Dowling, S. (2006, noveber 1). spiegel online international. Retrieved august 22, 2012, from http://www.spiegel.de/international/world-cup-preparations-teaching-berlin-how-to-smile-a-390118.html Horne, J. (2004). The global game of football: The 2002 World Cup and regional development in Japan. Third World Quarterly, 25(7), 1233-1244.  Hoye, R., & Nicholson, M. (2010). Sport stadia governance. Sport Management Review, 13(2), 171-178. Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Johnson controls. (2012). World cup 2014 security systems. Retrieved August 22, 2012, from Johnson controls: http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/content/us/en/about/our_company/featured_stories/world_cup_2014.html Jones, C. (2002). The Stadium and Economic Development: Cardiff and the Millennium Stadium. European Planning Studies, 10(7), 819-829. Kelley, S. W., & Turley, L. W. (2001). Consumer perceptions of service quality attributes at sporting events. (E. Nzewi, G. Reddy, S. Luster-Teasley, V. Kabadi, S.-Y. Chang, K. Schimmel, & G. Uzochukwu, Eds.)Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 161-166. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc.  Maennig, W., & Du Plessis, S. (2007). World Cup 2010: South African Economic Perspectives and Policy Challenges Informed By the Experience of Germany 2006. Contemporary Economic Policy, 25(4), 578-590. Blackwell Publishing Inc. Owen, S. H., & Daskin, M. S. (1998). Strategic facility location: A review. European Journal of Operational Research, 111(3), 423-447. Elsevier.  Schimmel, K. S. (2011). From “Violence-complacent” to “Terrorist-ready”: Post-9/11 Framing of the US Super Bowl. Urban Studies, 48(15), 3277-3291.  Sipilä, K., Rämä, M., Aittomäki, A., Mäkinen, A., & Söderman, J. (2009). Integrated heating and cooling production in sport halls.  Smith, A. (2006). The development of sports-city zones: an assessment of their potential value as tourism resources for urban areas. European Planning Studies, 18(3), 385-410. Routledge. The Independent. (2012). 2014 World Cup in Brazil will make Euro 2012 seem like a beach holiday. brazil: the independent. Vinton, K. (2011, april 19). Is It Time for Brazil? Retrieved August 22, 2012, from Harvard international review: http://hir.harvard.edu/the-united-nations/is-it-time-for-brazil Yoshida, M., & James, J. D. (2010). Customer Satisfaction with Game and Service Experiences: Antecedents and Consequences. Recreation, 24(3), 338-361. Zakus, D., Skinner, J., & Edwards, A. (2009). Social capital in Australian sport. Sport in Society, 12(7), 986-998. Read More