Epidemiological Analysis of Non-Infectious Disease - Case Study Example

Epidemiological Analysis of Non-Infectious Disease Introduction It has been seen in the recent study of the society that the various sectors are developing faster as the demands for services are increasing rapidly. This holds true to almost all the spheres of public life including medicine. Due to the changes that have occurred within the society which today functions as one global unit it has been seen that there is an increasing trend of adopting the method of Epidemiological analysis for diseases that affect a large population so as to ensure that proper health care facilities are developed and more efficient medicinal practices can be established to ensure patient security, etc. Epidermiology is a practice which looks into the various factors that affect the fitness and illnesses of populations (pages 222-226 cited from Circulation Journal (2006).). It helps analyse and establish methods of preventive medicine which are based on logical research made on the basis of mass well being. In the following paper there shall be an attempt made to carry out the detailed epidemiology on one of most prevalent non infectious diseases that plagues the human society in the 21st century, that is heart diseases or coronary diseases. This will help the paper realise and establish the importance of epidemiological analysis and lead to the development of a detailed layout of what is involved in carrying out such researches. Historical Perspective: There has been seen that there is a steady rise in the number of people and cases that report heart problems around he globe in the past two decades (pages 167-170 cited from European Journal of Epidemiology (2006).). The age group that used to be affected by heart problems were earlier confined to the late middle aged and the aged, but there has been observed over the past two decades that there has been a massive change in this medicinal trend (Basel Birkhauser Verlag (2004).). The incidences o the younger population complaining about heart problems has increased manifolds and the number of cases registering people in their late and early twenties complaining and dying of heart problems has risen multifolds (pages 618-624 cited from British Journal of Anaesthesia (2008).). The scenario has detoriated to such an extent that there has been reported that in the year of 2007 that it the leading cause of death in most of the countries including the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada and New Zealand. The situation has gotten so bad that it is believed that today this is the leading cause of death in almost all of these countries, and figures reflect that in about every 34 seconds, a person in the United States dies due to some heart problems or disease. Epidemiologic Tools The disease today has become so wide spread that it has been realised by most practitioners that there has to be carried out a detailed analysis of the disease and develop methods of preventing of the various forms of heart diseases that exist in the current society (Online 2010). Thus, there has been observed that over the past decade and a half there has been an increasing incidence of awareness about heart diseases and treatment in the various societies which has been created with the help of epidemiological analysis of the disease. Prevalence The heart diseases that are prevalent in the society today can be curbed into various categories including Coronary heart diseases, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiovascular diseases, Ischemic heart disease, hypertension heart diseases, vascular heart diseases, and others. Of these the coronary Heart diseases are the most prevalent where there is experienced a failure of the circulatory system to supply blood to the cardiac muscles and the other surrounding tissues. There have been a number of research centres that have been set up across the globe to study the various symptoms and causes of these diseases so that solutions could be arrived at. This is of great importance and significance given the changing trends in the medicinal practices in the current day scenario where there is being experienced various challenges due to the changing societal structures lifestyles, etc. For example, the Coronary Heart disease is already the most common disease in most of the parts of the world including Russia, North and South America, Australia and almost all the European countries and has been identified as the leading cause of death in most of these countries. It has been predicted by the figures that have been derived at through various programs that all regions of the world will be affected by this disease by the end of the year 2020. Incidence Thus, there have been a number of research centres that have been set up in various parts of the world which help conduct epidemiological studies on these which are mostly run through government funds and private charities (pages 1354-1360 cited from Am J Physiol Heart Circulation (2009). Some of these institutes include the British Heart foundation, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. There has been seen that due to the increase in the funds that is being invested in carrying out research and epidemiological analysis today there has been achieved a number of results. Through the conduction of these there have been many who have studied the occurrence and incidence of heart diseases and have been able to carry out various studies that have helped establish the various causes of these diseases and the reason why they have increased to such a large extent over the past decade or two (pages 1282-1289 cited from Journal of National Cancer Institute (2008).). As is pertinent to any epidemiological analysis, the method that was followed while studying and analysing the causes of heart diseases is the same. There were various experiments conducted and studies undertaken, where people suffering from heart diseases were studies. On the basis of the data collected and the medical background was developed which looked at the reasons for the increased incidence of heart diseases especially in the younger generations (The World Conference, Health Conference (2005).). The studies that were conducted led to the establishment of certain facts in the medicinal field, which included the reasons for the heart diseases. Once this was established it was only through conduction of studies that there were developed various methods that looked at the prevention of these heart diseases. Treatment Through the conduction of various tests and studies it has been established that the main cause of increasing heart diseases is the changes that have taken place in the human society which has led to the development of a highly unhealthy life style practice among the masses (pages 1514-1518 cited from N Engl, J Med (1987).). There were several reasons for the increasing incidence of heart diseases which included other medicinal problems like high blood pressure, hypertension, diabetics, etc. As has been seen that the aim of most of the epidemiological studies is to ensure that there is a betterment in the general healthcare of the masses and the population so also in this case the studies that have been conducted look at establishing the causes of the increasing heart diseases and then developing solutions to over come these problems (pages 440-445 cited from Journal of Chronic diseases (1960).). There have been many organizations including the World Health Organization that have took up the growing problem of heart diseases in the world and looked at establishing solutions to reduce the growing number of deaths due to this. The most important fact that has been established by almost all these centres and studies has been the fact that all these diseases have increased in their incidence due to the changing lifestyles in the world. There has been seen that there has been an increasing change occurring in the lifestyle that is being followed by most of the population around the globe. There has thus been observed the development of an unhealthy lifestyle where there is inactivity of the body due to the increased ease of operation in the manual field but on the other hand there is seen that there is also an decrease in the quality of life that is being followed, where most of the people suffer from either obesity or hypertension. Both these have led to the development of an unhealthy lifestyle and are leading causes of the increased incidences of heart diseases among the population. Impact of Research Due to the changes in the lifestyle there has been seen that there is also been the increase in the cholesterol level in the body due to the changes in the food pattern where fast foods have come strongly across in the picture (pages 191-194 cited from Heart). Thus, there have been many suggestions that have been made by the studies and the organizations to ensure the reduction of the incidences of heart problems and diseases around the globe. This can be divided into two groups- lifestyle changes and medications (pages 2726-2734 cited from Cieculation (2009). The first of the two calls for a change in the lifestyle that has been adopted by most of the people around the world (pages 1507-1509 cited from Heart Disease (2008).). The lifestyle changes encourage weight control and also calls for a reduction in the smoking and encourages smoking cessation as smoking causes congestion in the lungs and this is highly dangerous for the circulation and the heart. It also calls for the adoption of better lifestyle options including following of a healthy diet and exercise. This helps the circulation in the body and leads to better muscle development and reduces the cholesterol level in the body. The other calls for intervention through medicines and surgery. This is suggested to those who run a high risk of heart failure or collapse due to the advancement of the heart disease (Mayo Clinic (2005).). This includes cholesterol lowering medications, like the statins. This medicine Statin looks at the reducing of the LDL in the body. Also medication for hypertension is prescribed like the ACE inhibitors. Other medication include Nitro-glycerine, Calcium channel blockers, Aspirins, etc. these help maintain the blood circulation in the body so that the heart is healthy and can function properly. Reflection The studies have also established certain symptoms which can be looked at including shortness of breath, increased strain while climbing stairs, chest pain, reduced blood circulation, etc. The studies have established various methods to overcome these problems as has been mentioned (pages 120-124 from World Health Organisation (2004).). There have also been made efforts under this to educate people about the threat posed by heart diseases and there have been carried out various campaigns which are usually led by these organizations or funds and are backed by governmental or non governmental organizations. This has led to the spread of awareness among the masses. For example, today almost all the corporations run a separate section in their organization that looks at the health of their employees. The technologies that have been developed due to the studies that have been carried out under the epidemiological analysis have helped develop better methods of surgical practices. The mortality rates of patients under surgery have decreased due to this (pages 184-186 from Atherosclerosis (2008).). There have been developed more effective methodologies to conduct bypasses and heart transplant and the chances of survival have increased manifolds due to these researches conducted. Everyday there are being discovered new technologies that help ensure that the betterment of the medicinal services provided to those suffering from heart problems and diseases. The spread of awareness has also led to the adoption of better lifestyle practices. Thus, it is important to carry this research further so that there can be developed a more systematic and holistic method of health care that addresses the various needs and demands of the human society. Reference:  Atherosclerosis (2008). Renal function as an rsik indicator for cardiovascular events in 3216 patients with manifest arterial infraction. Vol 200, No 1, pp 184- 186. 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