Urban Water Pollution in China and Australia - Research Paper Example

Chapter 2 discusses the contribution of this research in terms of the source of the subject, the purpose of the subject, and the significance and contribution of the subject. Chapter 3 discusses the history of water treatment with bias in the industry revolution, water treatment development, and when humans realize the importance of water pollution. Chapter 4 discusses the main water treatment with a focus on life wastewater treatment methods, treatment methods, treatment design and process, and type of industry. Chapter 5 discusses urban wastewater treatment in China and begins with the relevant introduction and then focuses on the integrated wastewater discharge standard, the main development of treatment, significant treatment methods, urban planning, and cost-economic benefit analysis. Chapter 6 concentrates on urban wastewater treatment in Australia and begins with a brief introduction to the urban development of Australia and the status of wastewater treatment in Australia. The chapter also analyses integrated wastewater discharge standards, the main development of treatment, significant treatment methods, urban planning, and cost-economic benefit analysis. Chapter 7 discusses the comparison between China and Australia with the main focus on the different situations of urban development in these countries, wastewater standard in these countries, and the advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 8 and 9 concludes and summarises the report with recommendations on the advance and tendency treatment methods and design at the present and the achievement of the water cycle in the future.

Chapter Two
Literature Review
The literature review section of this research critically examines the existing research related to the comparison of urban water pollution in Australia and China. In regards to this, the paper evaluates and reviews the major and relevant publications, on urban water pollution in China, and urban water pollution in Australia, and a comparison review for both countries. The review is imperative in providing both an appropriate context for the subject of the research and restricting the research problem to ensure relevance to the topic under study. The main sources of literature material and information used in this research include:
Relevant books, reports, conference papers journals containing background information on the topic under study.
Internet: these include electronic journals and databases, photos images, and graphs.
Other relevant literature materials appropriate to the topic including websites.

Rivers in Asian countries are the most polluted in the world with 20 times the amount of lead found in industrialized countries within other continents (Farr, 2008). In addition, the bacteria found in these rivers, especially from human waste are 3 times that of the global coverage. Spectacular and rapid economic growth in Australia and China poses acute environmental impacts. One such impact is water pollution which has resulted in the degradation of the quality of urban air in so many cities. It has also led to the contamination of underground water and river waters in these two countries. Motor vehicle and industrial sector emissions have contributed immensely to air pollution but the degree of pollution among these cities, states, or regions varies. Both China and Australia are still in the industrialization and urbanization process and therefore, a lot of pressure is still expected in the environment.

Household water utilization is regarded as the most significant segment of municipal clean water use (Cech, 2003). This is because it accounts for more than half of the aggregate amount of municipal water used by many states. Household water must be of high quality with utmost reliability and this means that the costs are high. There is a direct link between the general public health and residential water use. Due to this, water and sanitation programs and projects have all their efforts geared toward ensuring the improvement of the health of the poor. This explains why it is a top priority when it comes to municipal water supply and household water usage. Residential water is utilized for various household purposes ranging from food preparation, drinking, washing clothes, bathing, watering lawns, flushing toilets, and watering gardens. According to guidelines for drinking water quality (WHO,1998), the world health organization elucidates that residential water is the water that is utilized for all domestic applications ranging from bathing consumption to food preparation, among others.