Nutrition Diet Planning and Assessment - Essay Example

I opted to work with a weight reduction case for my nutrition Diet Planning and Assessment. The patient of choice had the following information

Name: Melisa

Age: 50

Female

Height:152

Weight: 80.4

Interview

During the nutrition interview with my patient, I gathered data about my patient's lifestyle by asking her some few questions during the preliminary assessment:

1. What a typical diet or special diet did she adopt at home?
2. Has she ever been put on any kind of special diet before?
3. What are her food allergies, intolerances or dislikes?
4. What is her usual body weight plus any weight changes within the last year?
5. Does she engage in any typical physical activity? If so, how much?
6. Does she read food labels or take supplements?

As such, I conclude the following:

• She is a bit Active (Light exercise 1-2 days per week).
• She is not suffering from any allergies.
• She actually takes multivitamins supplements.
• She has a family with a history of Cardiovascular Disease: high cholesterols, and high blood pressure.

24-hour recall:

1. Breakfast:

• a bowl of cornflake accompanied by a cup of full-fat milk.
• ½ cup of avocado juice
• 2 slices of white bread toasted with peanut butter, and 1 tablespoon of grape jelly.

1. Lunch:

• 120g of fried chicken.
• ½ cup of white rice.
• 1 bowl of yogurt.
• Snack;
• 3 small pancakes with 2 tablespoons of honey.
• Dinner:
• Always 1 hamburger.
• Occasionally 1 packet of cheese.

Diagnosis with PES statements

Weight reduction was the nutritional problem that I was responsible for diagnosing as well as treating.  My formal nutritional diagnosis comprised of three components. That is Problem “linked to” Etiology “as shown by” Signs or Symptoms. (PES Statement).

• Problem: The weight reduction problem was broken down into five dissimilar domains, each with various subtopics. The 5 domains were calorie balance, nutrition support intake, bioactive substances balance, fluid intake balance, and nutrient balance.
• Etiology: These were the causes or the contributing factors linked to weight reduction such as eating disorder and depression.
• Signs or Symptoms: These were defining characteristics such as the weight of the patient on the scale, her clothes fitness and waist circumference that provided the evidence of weight reduction. These characteristics were measured and quantified.

From her 24 Hour Recall:

• She is deprived of vegetables.
• She took a lot of fatty food in the diet.
• She consumes a high amount of sugar.
• She takes minimal fiber in the diet.

Again, from her weight and height, her BMI= 80.4/(1.52)2= 34.8 implying she is obsessed (Obese: BMI between 30 and 39.9)

Goals:

• To lose weight
• Increase her physical activity

PES statement:

1. Obesity linked to poor eating habits and excessive caloric intake as revealed by her BMI of 34.8
2. Obesity linked to a high level of kcal foods as shown by her BMI of 34.8 and diet history.

Energy Requirements:

Using the Mifflin equation, the calorie needs were calculated as follows:

• Female: (10*80.4) + (6.25*152) – (5*50) – 161= 1504
• 1504*1.38= 2075.52
• 52-500= 1575.52 (-500 because she is obese)

CHO:  1575.52*50/100= 787.76/4= 196.94g =197g

Protein: 1575.52*20/100= 315.10/4= 78.78g = 79g

Fat: 1575*30/100= 472.66/9= 52.52 = 53g

CHO= 197/15= 12.31 = 13 serving

Starch= 7

Milk= 3

Fruit= 2

Vegetable= 2      

Diet plan

For 1 kilo weight loss per week, in addition to one pound rule, I instructed a physical exercise for 30 minutes to 45 minutes daily. For weight maintenance and healthy living, I instructed my patient to keep her calorie intake constant daily, consume whole grains, unprocessed foods, good sources of fat, and many more vegetables and fruits. These were her suggested foods;

1. Breakfast:

• 2 slices of brown toast 160 Cal
• boiled eggs 109 Cal
• 1/2 cup of avocado juice 60 Cal
• Snack:
• 1 small (fruits); mango, orange, apple, banana 60 Cal

1. Lunch:

• a cup of white rice
• 30g of chicken without skin
• ½ bowl of yogurt
• Snack:
• 1 cup of skim milk
• 2 slices of digestive biscuits

1. Dinner:

• 1 slice of brown bread
• 30g of turkey (lean meat)
• Tomato, lattes, cucumber

The patient was advised not to consume less than 1500 calories each day. Weight loss might be the immediate outcome however, in the long term this may significantly decrease her metabolism. Her body was expected to adapt to using a small number of calories. The table below by (Dalton, 1997) was used as a reference point to draw her diet plan.

Follow up assessment (evaluation)

Melisa actually loses around 1 kilo in one week, which implied she is indeed following her instructed diet and improved her physical activity. Her body shapes d and becomes better. Therefore,  if she continues to follow what she has been doing; changing her lifestyle and food habits forever she will become more and more healthy with less risk of diseases even though her family had previous cases of Cardiovascular Disease. 

She still needed to burn about 3500 calories so as to lose one pound of her weight. Melisa was to try to lose about 5 to 10% of her current body weight, that is, one to two pounds every week by trying to reduce her calorie intake by about 15,000 calories a day. I told her that after she has reduced her weight by 10%, she should strive to maintain it for around six months through similar exercise and diet.

There was no problem as per this target since the patient herself was excited to lose weight and on the same time she was willing to follow the diet, in fact, she had some background about how to follow a diet with the importance of the physical activity, she didn’t found the diet hard to follow, adding to that she was happy with the result that she got after following the diet.