StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

Enzymes as the Proteins - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
This paper 'Enzymes as the Proteins' tells us that enzymes are the proteins that facilitate accelerating the different chemical reactions. The molecules which are present in these enzymes at the starting are known as the substrates and it is from this state that the enzymes begin to convert into several distinct molecular products. …
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER91.6% of users find it useful
Enzymes as the Proteins
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "Enzymes as the Proteins"

Enzymes do their best by working at lowering the energy levels and hence they are present whilst doing the same within a reaction. The rate of a chemical reaction starts getting faster as and when they occur. The uncatalyzed reactions are much slower than the enzymatic reactions which are happening within a cell. The difference is quite comparable since the downfall is pretty noticeable. Enzymes are not at all consumed or eaten up by the chemical reactions which are taking place within them but at the same time, the equilibrium is maintained during the whole activity which is a definitive plus point on the part of these very enzymes.

Enzymes are much more specific than the remaining catalysts as they usually account for the crystallization process of around 4000 biochemical reactions. It is a case in point here to understand that not all the biochemical catalysts are proteins as the ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules which are known as ribozymes facilitate their bit at catalyzing different sorts of reactions. Enzymes are specific because their activity can easily affect the other molecules which are present and so in return can leave a lasting impression on the whole chemical reaction that is taking place. On the same token, inhibitors are those molecules that decrease the activity that is going on within the enzymes.

 

The Inhibition Process

 

On the other hand, activators increase the same process altogether. There are several enzyme inhibitors in the form of drugs and different poisons. These enzymatic activities are also changed through the different temperatures, pH scales, concentrations present within the relevant substrates, and so on. Several enzymes are used for commercial purposes as they are employed in the synthesis of different antibiotics and the like. An enzyme’s name is derived from the respective substrate and even the chemical reaction that it brings in catalyzing and the word more or less ends in –ace. Some of the common examples of enzymes include lactase, DNA polymerase, and alcohol dehydrogenase to name a few. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has put forward and indeed coined a specific nomenclature for enzymes with the help of the EC numbers. Some of the common examples include the Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases. All of these are within the top-level classification of the enzymes based on their respective mechanisms.

 

Carbonic Anhydrase II

 

The specificity of these enzymes is raised by the fact that they make use of certain chemical reactions and leave the rest alone. The shape of these enzymes is complementary and they have hydrophilic and hydrophobic traits within them thus making it possible for the relevant enzymes and the substrates to be the responsive force behind the very specificity of the enzymes. The specificity can also be measured by their different levels of stereospecificity, chemo selectivity, and lastly, regioselectivity. The role of the genome is immense here in this whole discussion since the enzymes which are few having the highest amount of specificity and the precision are entailed in the copying as well as the expression process coming under the umbrella of the genome. What these genomes do is proofread the very mechanisms and then take them from there. Some enzymes play their part in producing secondary metabolites and are known by the name of promiscuous. The reason for this name is that these secondary metabolites can act on different ranges within the substrates. Some evidence has been found in the wake of these substrates playing their active part in the evolution related to the fresh biosynthetic means.

Emil Fischer in 1894 suggested that enzymes are indeed quite specific and this is made possible due to the complementary geometric shapes and sizes of the enzymes and the substrate processes. What these shapes do to each other is to fit amongst each one and thus form the perfect mesh for one another. Hence the name ‘lock and key model’ is kept for this activity and indeed the whole enzymatic process. This process however has a drawback in the reality that it fails to address the key aspects which are related to the stabilization of the transition state which the enzymes achieve over a specified period now and then.

 

Induced Fit Model

 

The metabolic reactions can be controlled with enzymes in five separate ways. The first speaks of the enzyme production that includes the transcription and translation-related with the enzyme genes. This production process could be further enhanced or at times completely brought to a halt about the changes that are happening in a cell’s peculiar environment. The second manner is to have enzymes in a compartmentalized way so that different metabolic pathways and the resultant reactions can be regulated within the cellular compartments. This accounts for the fatty acids becoming synthesized by a singular set of enzymes present within the cytosol and so on. The third such manner is to control the activity of the enzymes by the inhibitors and the activators. The control process of enzymatic action facilitates the maintenance of a stable and well-to-do environment intrinsically within the living beings. The fourth method is to regulate through the post-translational modification procedure. This encompasses myristylation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation. The last method is to make enzymes activated through the localization due to different environmental conditions.

Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1”, n.d.)
Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1. Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1539273-enzymes
(Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words - 1)
Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words - 1. https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1539273-enzymes.
“Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words - 1”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1539273-enzymes.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Enzymes as the Proteins

Bioinformatics assignment

They also help to bring about folding in the proteins.... Bioinformatics assignment – exploring proteins using bioinformatics tools.... The sequence matches code for different forms of transferrin proteins in various species.... 432 c) How are sugars attached to proteins?... Via glycosidic bonds Task 7 (1 + 1 + 1 + 4 marks) a) Number of disulphide bridges: 8 b) Number of strands: 13 c) Number of helices: 15 d) Why are disulphide bridges important for those proteins that have them?...
4 Pages (1000 words) Assignment

Enzymes in Industry

The discovery of and recognition of enzymes as such took man a very long time considering how early he began to use them for his purposes. ... Not only within the framework of our bodies but also now in industrial applications of various sorts have we become dependent on these tiny proteins.... Being proteins, they are sensitive to the working conditions, like temperature, pH, etc.... However, some proteins will be more stable than others under condition x than others, or will have a wider range of toleration to circumstances....
12 Pages (3000 words) Essay

Unprotected and Protected Enzyme

Because they are usually proteins, a temperature lower or higher than the optimal range results to denaturation, which changes the shape of the protein.... espite its effectiveness, enzymes only work within a narrow range of enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by inducing the reaction to proceed to a path with a lower activation energy.... espite its effectiveness, enzymes only work within a narrow range of conditions....
1 Pages (250 words) Assignment

Digestion and Enzymes of Healthy Person

Adolescents equally require more carbohydrates and proteins to match their rapid growth rates and active lifestyles.... The paper "Digestion and enzymes of Healthy Person" is dedicated to the structural features of the human digestive system The paper cites RDA tables that give the number of nutrients an individual needs if they are to maintain sound health and reduce the risks of diet-associated ailments....
9 Pages (2250 words) Assignment

Enzyme and Protein

The third group - proteins refer to complex molecules that help your body perform a wide variety of biological functions.... proteins are composed of building blocks known as amino acids proteins are categorized into five main groups according to their functions.... These groups include structural, Hormonal, storage, Enzyme and Immunoglobulin proteins.... The largest group of proteins is the structural proteins (Neurath, 1975)....
7 Pages (1750 words) Research Paper

Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Trypsin Enzymes From Corn Using a Colourimetric Protein Assay

Enzymes are proteins in nature and may or may not contain a prosthetic group.... Endopeptidases breakdown proteins into proteoses, peptones and polypeptides while exopeptidases breakdown proteoses, polypeptides and peptones into amino acids.... Its various uses have led to the need for its commercial production and as such the use of transgene proteins for instance corn.... The paper "Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Trypsin enzymes From Corn Using a Colourimetric Protein Assay" is an outstanding example of a biology literature review....
29 Pages (7250 words) Literature review

The Nomenclature, Uses, and Discovery of Enzymes

The author of the paper titled "The Nomenclature, Uses, and Discovery of enzymes" explains technology engineering, industry, and markets for enzymes.... enzymes are very essential in industrial processes.... enzymes are highly employed in several latest applications within the food, paper, agriculture, and texture industries, thus causing the cost to go down.... enzymes productions do always occur in huge quantities, measured in thousands of kilograms....
7 Pages (1750 words) Literature review

Describe Using Relevant Examples the Principle of Allosteric Regulation

Nearly all enzymes that are well-known to be allosterically regulated are created from more than one subunit, each containing a polypeptide chain with its active site.... There are two significant roles played by the allosteric enzymes in the cells: catalyzing reactions in metabolic pathways and controlling the rates of the metabolic pathways.... good example of this is the ATP hydrolysis products which play a key role in maintaining the flow balance of traffic between catabolic and anabolic pathways subject to their effects on crucial enzymes....
5 Pages (1250 words) Essay
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us