Finance & Accounting Essays

Unfair pricing practices are common in economic systems since mediaeval times and have necessitated adoption of fair pricing concept (Shirvani, 2014).

The purpose of this paper is to have a thorough examination of the behavioural aspects of the budgetary control process as is dealt with by the previous research studies on the subject. Apart from this, the paper also undertakes to make a case study of a manufacturing organisation to understand the implications of the behavioural aspects of the whole budgetary control process in achieving the organisational objectives.

The data was compared to the standard industrial code to check the difference. The data was collected through various available options from the websites, companies and was checked for the authenticity of the data .

Before getting into the main topic it is essential to understand the definition of financial structure. Financial structure is the way in which a company's assets are financed, such as short-term borrowings, long-term debt, and owners’ equity. Financial structure differs from capital structure in that capital structure accounts for long-term debt and equity only.

Currently Mrs. Eunice Marchant is takes charge of the overall administration, keeping accounting records and supervising the cook and catering services. Sandra, her daughter, is a State Registered Nurse, and supervises a staff of three Day Care Assistants and one Night Care Assistant.

According to the market efficiency hypothesis (EMH), prices in efficient markets are random, so the planned approach to investment cannot be successful. As shown in the paper, the emerging discipline of behavioral economics has challenged the market hypothesis, which supposedly incorporates all information rationally, and instantly.

The subprime crisis triggered the recent recession, major financial institutions also played a key role in the melee. There was hardly any equity left with the major financial institutions, they encouraged people to take loans and it became very difficult for the people to pay it back. They should never have allowed the Americans to do so.

The oil and gas industry was regarded as the main driver of economic development in the country. Back in the 1950s, China’s mining companies had made several major discoveries of crude oil and gas in northern China. Since the restructuring of the oil and gas industry, China was a leading oil and gas exporter (Wei 4).

According to the report the UK has passed the UK Corporate Governance Code 2010 in order to regulate the operations of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange. The Code comprises a set of good corporate governance principles. The Financial Conduct Authority’s Listing Rules require public companies to disclose how they comply with the Code. 

An important rationale saving with planning is also a fact that it is the only portion of the benefit that the tax planner drives which remains the primary direction and guideline for the business. The shareholders’ objective of generating higher net income leads business to explore the other markets of low-tax regimes.

 It is the main concern of the following paper to examine the rescue model that was used in Cyprus in the economic crisis, bail-in of the Cypriot banks imposed by Euro group, and what it could have been done by the government and banks to avoid this situation. The research project will use logical analysis since it provides an outline of generalized causation and logical reasoning process.

The evaluation of the financial statements and the accompanying information presented therein shows that both the companies, Bangchak Petroleum Company and Esso Public Company Limited follow the TFRSs (Thai Financial Reporting Standards) to prepare their respective financial statements. We evaluated the financial performance of the companies.

The stock prices of quoted companies in the stock market are normally affected either positively or negatively by certain factors which can be within or without economic boundaries. Factors such as interest rate and inflation rate have an inverse relationship with the stock market development.

TD Bank's banking products have evolved to include a wide variety of choices and alternatives that are customized to meet the customer’s specific banking needs and requirements. The retail banking products ranging from savings accounts to remote and direct deposits. Other deposit products are a mobile deposit, express deposit, and rapid deposits.

The primary objective of accounting is to determine and question the reliability of the financial statement and supporting accountant records during a particular fiscal period. The auditor has to check all the transactions and relevant documents of the company during a given period to get a fair and a true view of the companies’ affairs.

The banking sector in Chile is quite stable and is governed by a good regulatory structure. This makes the financial system and especially the banks in the country pretty stable. The banking sector in this country is stable and is governed by a good regulatory framework which makes the sector ready for future challenges of growth.

The functions are developed in reference to different sheets. For example, the amounts in the Reconciliation Template are calculated

Capilano Honey Limited (CZZ), founded in 1953, is an Australian-based organization. The company is involved in the packing of honey especially for export and domestic sales (Capilano, 2015). It is regarded as one of the leading suppliers of honey, thereby enjoying the reputation for superior quality honey, product innovation, and best practices.

The Static Trade-off theory here includes companies that have a bigger threat of facing financial crisis have a propensity of borrowing lower than companies having lesser financial crisis risk. Moreover, financial crisis expenses aren’t similar for every company, because such expenses rely basically on the assets of the organization.

We are now interested in measuring the dollar change in the value of the option when the value of the stock changes. This amount is called “Delta” of the option.

From the charts, it is clear that on average, Loius Vuitton recorded the highest net profits while Burberry recorded the least.

Many CEO tasked with acting for the good of many other decisions to act for their good. In other cases, directors collude with the CEO to act for their own sake. Different institutions must balance the agency's problems. Once a way of offering balance is vetting those to be given authority in organizations.  

The author states that one of the financial theories most relevant to the above case is the real options theory. The real options theory is a critically important new frame work that is increasingly being used in making various investment decisions. The theory particularly modifies the traditional Expect Net Present Value theory.

As the report declares the debt to equity ratio is a measure, which is commonly used to determine the amount of debt used to run a business. The ratio simply indicates the amount of debt an entity has on every dollar of equity. The debt to equity ratio is one of the leverage ratios, which firms use to determine their extensive use of debt. 

Retirement Savings Plan This benefit plan is funded by Henry Ford Health System and employees contributions to help plan for their future financial wellness. RSV involves both full-time, part-time, contingent and temporary employees. This is the main advantage of the plan; involving all categories of the employees so that no one feels excluded.

According to the report prices fell and kept falling over a time. Though the losses incurred were unrealized, they were soon going to materialize coupled with the increasing margin calls on derivative position. The contango price relationship of the futures market further prevented the firm from regaining its profitability.

The crisis which started in the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 dragged different nations across the globe in the crisis and soon the crisis turned into the global financial crisis. The following pages give a brief history of the crisis and provide a brief understanding of the change in economic policy since the great depression.

Most of researchers and economists have argued that misjudged underpricing risk has caused the emergence of global financial crisis. Investors and other market players have been overconfident with forecasted results obtained from mathematical and other scientific models used to measure and manage risks.

To begin with, globalization changes the long-standing floating vs. fixed exchange rate dichotomy. The bipolar view of exchange rate systems is not relevant for several reasons. First, many countries claim to have floating exchange rate regimes, whereas, in reality, keep affecting monetary mass behaviors through interest rate regulation.

According to the report profitable operations increase the value of the owners’ equity in the business. For a bank to decide on which company is most suitable for the loan approval, let’s do some analysis on the two companies. L.L. Sams Company and Garcia Career Services. As a banker my primary concern is in the current position of the firm.

The role of IMF and World Bank is changing under the increasing collective bargaining power of the developing nations and hopefully, in near future, the supranational organizations will be able to unshackle the political-economic impediments they always face while pursuing their functions and carrying their responsibilities towards the poorer nations.

There is a distinction between market demand and individual demand. Market demand is the summation of individual demand curve or aggregate of individual demand curves at various prices.

The research conducts investigation by examining the annual reports of these banks and present important findings regarding the accounting principles and treatment of different elements of financial statements. The role of management and disclosures made by the banks on internal controls and corporate governance will be compared to form an opinion.

During this Taisho era, Japan has been able to enjoy the parliamentary government based on British model. The period started with the Hara cabinet and end with fall of Wakatsuki cabinet.

The research compares the East Asian financial with nothing less than an eye-opener, where the efficiency of the operations of international financial organizations in the likes of the IMF or the World Bank, appeared to be at a crisis. It was accused that the organizations lacked proper monitoring instruments that could keep a close vigilance on the activities of the South Eastern banking sector.

There is mostly no limit to the number of transactions that can be made through a checking account. Also, there is often no minimum amount that maybe left in the account, thus it is the best type of account if it just needs to be saved and not invested. A checking account is nothing more than a box where you deposit your money.

In terms of the profitability ratio, when looking at the net income, it has dropped in April where the organization has a loss of $ 118,000 as compared to a huge profit of $ 715,000 in January as per the Interim statement of income.

This paper seeks to compare and contrast the accounting standards of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Advisory

The author states that the main goal of the firm is to maximize revenue. This is the main driving force of any business. Although there are other goals such as capturing more market share, and increasing the firm’s sales. Greed help allocate investment capital in an economy by overcoming the fear of taking risks.

The internal controls also prevent fraud by ensuring that the company staff follows the management practices accordingly. Internal controls are crucial to all businesses irrespective of size. Accountants and business auditors apply internal controls to test the firm's overall compliance with managerial practices.

Hence, standardisation for reducing such differences is deemed extremely essential (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2007). The present study is based upon evaluating the reformation required in accounting and reporting polices, as identified by the ICAEW (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales).

The airline has a single booking system which is online therefore it doesn’t cater for those who don’t use the internet (Bäder, 2015).

As the report stresses investment banks are involved in mergers and acquisitions by determining the best terms for both the sellers and buyers, facilitating the process and, in some cases financing the acquisitions. Investment banks can make an initial or subsequent offer to the public in order to raise capital from the public.

According to the report International Business Machines business lines are mainly Software Group, Storage and Technology Group, and Global Services. The IBM Global Services also has business lines that include the Integrated Technology Services, Strategic Outsourcing and Business Consulting Services. 

There are two methods of calculating the inventory turnover. The first one is by dividing the cost of goods with the average inventory while the second is by dividing the sales with the total cost of inventory. The second is mostly used since both the sales and the total cost of inventory are presented at market values.

A higher operating profit margin means the company will have a high degree of leverage, and a lower operating profit margin means the company will have a low degree of leverage.

This research paper examines user groups of financial statements of both the organizations and their purposes and analyses the financial information of the organizations from the perspective of user groups. Financial statement or report is referred to a record of financial transactions and other activities.

This is due to a gap in the current market such that it is hard to get a store that sells a variety of sunglasses for all ages, designs and even custom-made designs. Hence, it would be good to specialize in this product line. I purpose to offer these products at a pocket-friendly cost that will attract customers.

The age of accounts receivable refers to a report that tends to list all unpaid customer invoices. They are determined on the basis of their date ranges. The age of the accounts receivable can be used in determining whether the cash due is collectible or not. A good example is the cost of sales made to customers who will not manage to pay.

According to the report one of the most important financial lessons that the author has learnt during my college years is the prudence and importance of building a retirement fund as early as possible because the more years you save, the higher the likelihood of increasing your wealth. The best time to start saving is during your early twenties.