Finance & Accounting Essays

At first, I had to understand each question and its requirements. Identifying was quite tricky in that some of the questions lacked prior direct answers from the sources I had selected. I, therefore, had to carry out various reviews from different sources before settling for the ones that offered precise information. 

Provided that companies are obligated to provide stakeholders with insight into how much they are valued and how much of the returns come from non-obvious sources. Based on the IFRS accounting system, companies are required to value their worth accurately by considering the fair value hierarchy method as it ensures that a company’s sources of revenue are considered from all levels, 1 to 3.

The author states that the company trades its stocks on the London Stock Exchange as well as Alternative Investment Market on the UK stock exchange. Audit risk is the risk that arises that an auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion on the financial statements of a company. Auditors are expected to give a true and fair view of the financial statements.

Target is located in America and Canada, with a higher revenue reported in the United States. Their consumers or “guests” as referred to in the 10-k report are both in-store and online. In-store, there is a wide arrangement of food that can be bought, but this section online is smaller as perishables will not be sold online.

Free cash flow model of valuation estimates value of a firm based on its fundamentals. The company is expected to pay its shareholders based on intrinsic value of the firm. In addition, this value is reflected by net present cash flow. It’s

Players like Ryanair and EasyJet stand to gain as the market self-adjusts. As fuel prices creep ever higher a shakeout in North America is almost assured. In the first half of 2005, the 10 largest airlines together lost nearly $5 billion. Bankruptcy hovers like a hungry buzzard over legacy and low-cost carriers alike. 

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), which has its headquarters located in Washington, D.C. in this respect, is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested? 

Also assume that your comments will be passed through the editor to the author(s) of the article with your defense of why the article should be published, why the article should NOT be published, or where the article needs to be revised so that following those revisions is can be resubmitted. What is the problem, driving force or main purpose?

A company that plans to start with one version of a product but in future intends to consider a variety of options then a job order costing system should be adopted. A job order costing system can fit in this company since it will deal with many different products. The top management can access the cost incurred for each job once it is completed. 

The bank was rescued by the US government during the mortgage crisis providing a massive stimulus package. The intervention was necessary to avoid panicky and financial turmoil because it became necessary to save such a massive bank, which had involvement with most of the fortune 500 companies and dealings with several governments worldwide.

The author explains that given the power of the top management, junior managers and officers in the firm were compromised and could not execute their internal control duties effectively. Working under pressure from the top management (fraudsters), they provided a poor financial management oversight to the entire company.

Revenue is the funds that are implemented on a daily or frequent basis. One considers that revenue can constitute a number of wide ranging purposes, all of which are contingent on the specific organization (‘What is a capital

In the United States, there are three main types of taxes which almost every citizen has to pay. The three are income tax, sales tax, and property tax. This paper seeks to discuss the three and make a comparison

The company further tends to respond strategically in accordance with the changes to its pricing or volume of commodities produced. However, as the

Studies have revealed that organizations encountering environmental crises generally endeavor to recuperate their legitimacy by amplifying their environmental disclosures inside their annual reports. An investigation of the corporate disclosures subsequent to a major environmental crisis is likely to provide additional understanding regarding the strategies and accounting theories implemented by such companies.

I will be interested in the occupation of financial consultant or financial adviser i.e. both words are used interchangeably. A financial consultant is one who renders financial services to the clients and is often engaged in recommending financial products based upon the overall needs of the clients. (MULLEN, 2009).

In the contemporary business environment, the effect of manipulated accounting figures has proven to be devastating for a company as well as other associated parties. It should be taken into consideration that the financial losses caused due to accounting frauds, such as, misrepresentation of financial statements, are humongous

Since the culmination of the most severe phase of the global economic recession that was set in early 2008, the principal focus of the world economy has been on the euro crisis which has acutely affected the European nations and their banking sector. The impact has largely disturbed global financial stability.

The major benefit of the gradual system of taxation is the ability to redistribute wealth, a very important benefit to society. I think that yes, there need to be some changes in taxation in America to bring it to favorable levels but changing to the flat system is not an option for the United States.

This model considers systematic risks, this are the risks that are do occur on daily basis and are normally referred to as unknown risks. This is a reality since, investors will never invest to any business that he/she has doubt that returns from his

Let the future value of the bond be X. Based on the formula, the future value of the bond is determined as follows: 1000 = (60/2)/(1.03)^5 + X/(1.03)10. 1000 = 25.88 + X/1.344. X/1.344 = 974.12. Therefore, X = (1.344*974.12) = $ 1,309.22 (Brigham & Ehrhardt,

The author of the following paper states that financial analysis of companies using accounting ratios has always been a good way to judge a company's financial standing and performance. There are many benefits of financial analysis using accounting ratios, but several drawbacks must also be considered.

Descriptive statistics are used to analyze and explain the basic characteristics of data in a research or study. It allows an insight into the summary of the sample and measures of the data and in combination with graphics the descriptive statistics takes the form of visual quantitative analysis of data. However, descriptive statistics is different from inferential statistics.

The primary objectives of the author of this article are to highlight the capital requirements of the Basel Capital Accord to identify, assess and aggregate all possible types of uncertainties relevant to them and underpin them. The article highlights two pillars that address the adequate capital defense.

The Brazilian accounting system was specifically designed to generate and provide information to the tax authorities however the country is in the process of adopting the IFRS (Holt, 42). The decision was due to the recent growth of the country’s economy. Challenges to the adoption of IFRS are as a result of the difficulty in changing the mindset and approach which is mandatory in this principle based standards.

In a similar manner, average student debt in Canada increased from $21,777 in 1999 to more than $28,000 in 2004. This signals an increase of over one

The International Accounting Standard (IAS) 37 was introduced in the year of 1998. It sets out the accounting principles for Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities. The standard clearly clarifies when these items should and should not be made. Before the issue of this standard, there was great concern in this area of accounting where companies had been accused of manipulating financial statements and of creative accounting.

It may wish to retain the customer list while moving other duties to their existing lines or sell off. When the target firm is agreeable the acquisition is friendly but when not then it is termed as a hostile takeover. The

Abdul was an employee at a Ford plant in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a steward. He lost his job and was able to get another job in another Ford plant in Newark, Delaware. His job ended when the plant closed. However, his influence helped him to obtain another job in a Ford plant in Los Angeles, California.

Institutional investors played a critical role in Travis Perkins's movement into the FTSE 100 in June 2013. The high investments of different investors in this company accelerated the increase of the share prices. Also, the trading volume of Travis Perkins became excessively high which established a strong performance of the company. This facilitated the inclusion of the company in the FTSE 100.

The business is also quoted as experiencing a shortage of experienced manpower. The plant management, however, did not bother to bring in more trained operators to deal with the various aspects of the firm. The employees working within the firm had not undertaken the proper training required for them to operate.

Sports characters, occasions, and organizations influence our society in wide, diverse, and sometimes unanticipated ways. Some of the most critical policy issues stirring sports in the contemporary world originate from an interdisciplinary overview that includes economics, history, urbanization, non-profit administration, and public health.

Beech Wood Plc is a well-established company that produces different kinds of furniture product lines. What makes this company successful is the efforts made in the budgetary process. Having many different functional areas like finance and accounting, production, Human resource, and sales and marketing, it is crucial to develop a budget that caters to all these areas.

Instead of detailing requirements involved in accounting, the drafts involved in the setting of standards are common artifacts. Setting standards in the accounting environment is one of the contemporary things to do. Members of a particular body used to regulate accounting activities prepare them.

Although data on historical prices of securities suggest that investing in common stocks performs better than in corporate bonds (Ross, Westerfield, and Jaffe 1999, p. 221), “in the short run” bonds can outperform stocks (Nelson, 2011). Prices of bonds and interest rates move in opposite directions (Ross, Westerfield, and Jaffe 1999, p. 102).

As a function of this understanding, the following analysis will be predicated upon providing a risk analysis for the nation of South Africa. It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion and analysis will be beneficial not only in

A capital lease has an effect on both the income statement and the balance sheet. This implies that each lease payment is allocated partly to interest expense and partly to lessen the outstanding liability. Therefore,

Every business encompasses some ethical challenges. In their dealings, employees deal with a range of ethical and moral issues. Some ethical issues are so complicated that employees give up in their attempt to solve them. An employee should do his/her best to solve the ethical issue by utilizing all the skills and resources at his/her expense.

Countries should also institute measures that mandate the enforcement of certain rules on a legal basis such as the improvement in corporate governance, mandating disclosure for all companies, and adopting transparency and accountability for all government authorities and the overall investment community (Metre 2014).

The company seeks to introduce a new product in the market that will target men aged between 25 to 35 years. This pitch presents the estimates of the costs of production, the profit that will be generated from the sale of the footwear from the potential customer, and also the customer’s response towards the new product in the market. 

One of the problem areas in the EU pertains to the financial problems of key members such as Greece, which act as a weak link to the Union and which threaten to undermine the stability of the European currency and the general economy. There is an urgent need therefore for the EU to try and respond in an effective manner.

There are 568 stores Tesco in Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales; 13 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, 43 in Hungary, 103 in France, and 31 in Poland (Tesco Plc, n.d.). Through these superstores and supermarkets, the company sells food-related items mainly besides electric and electronic equipment as well. 

It focuses on the steps taken by the company to improve these factors. The discussion is based on a ratio analysis of two consecutive years to find out a change in the performance of the company. The report also focuses on using a balanced scorecard as a framework to use 3 non-financial methods in accessing a company’s performance.

The main reason for dwelling on this aspect of multi-tasking is for the sake of enabling us to make proper analyses and also recommendations involving Norman’s case. The only hurdle for Norman is that, as much as he is getting involved in this lucrative venture, the fact remains that he also has to complete his mandates as a student.

The operating net income of the company was higher in the year 2013 but least in the year 2014. This was attributed to increase administrative costs incurred by the company (Christoffersen, 2010). Moreover, the

Information regarding to the various cost incurred in the supply chain would aid the company improve the supply chain and hence better supply of its products to its

The author states that the published annual reports of one company from each of the countries are selected, namely Wal- Mart Stores Inc. from US and Tesco Plc from the UK. A comparison of the annual reporting pattern of each of the companies has been undertaken with regard to their institutional, legal, regulatory, and cultural background.

ery good credentials, and typically people that lack experience are given those types of jobs when they have very good educational credentials including being MBA graduates which offsets any lack of business experience they may have. The use of any analytical tool is as good as

The European Commission was in favor of mandatory firm rotation and mandatory rotation of audit partners. The aim of these new audit policies was to resolve the financial crisis in a dynamic market, as well as to set out the objectives of auditing. In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission is responsible for our audit requirements.

The author states that the audit committee was created by Cadbury Report to aid governance on the first improvement of the financial practices and reporting through reviews, monitoring, and direct practices enhancing internal controls and well prepared financial reports. Secondly, the committee has the power to influence appropriate actions.