Finance & Accounting Essays

Arsenal Football Club is one of the biggest specialized football clubs in the world and is situated in London. It is counted among top most renowned clubs in football. Previously, this club was known as ‘Dial Square’ and in the year 1891 the club was renamed as ‘Woolwich Arsenal’.

Since the company in question is one of the giants in the beverage industry, not even in Australia but all over the world, therefore, the company always focuses on increasing its growth in number of different ways. Extension in existing product line of the company is also another way through which the company maintains its objective of growth increase.

However, it is vital to take into consideration the market, economic, financial and technical costs incurred in the implementation and maintenance of a project in comparison to its returns within an expected feasible period (Pogue, 2010). As a result, it is advisable to carry out an evaluation process based on the feasibility study of investing in such projects that do not yield high returns but remain to be of more significance to the beneficiary.

Organizations in the current business environment thrive for success and the creation of value. As a part of corporate and management strategy; organizations tend to find alternatives creating more value by maximizing shareholder wealth. DePamphilis defined mergers and acquisitions as a part of corporate and management strategies.

An open market operation helps increase the reserves in the bank which also increases the monetary base. The rise in the monetary base is equivalent to the quantity of the open market operation and initially, it is also equivalent to the rise in the reserves at the bank. In case the federal bank or the central bank purchases securities from the commercial banks.

. The government has the authority to alter the plans in the budget. The United Kingdom pre-budget reports have increasingly been used to announce any alterations in the spending plans. This essay seeks to critically analyze the success of the British government in using spending review in the execution of government strategies.  

The Signalling theory The theory originated from the concept of asymmetric information. In this case, business transactions were conducted in an unbalanced manner. The signalling theory thus provides equilibrium in relation to access to transactional information, allowing the parties involved to transact effectively.

The concept of money and monetary order in the world has undergone changes in the dynamic economic environment from the simple bartering system to electronic transfers over the period of time. In macro economy the fiscal measures of the governments and the monetary control of the central banks of countries play important roles in determining value of money.

Burma had trading houses, for example, the Wallace Brothers – whose function was taken and dominated by banks later. It is remarkable, that the banks that overturned the banking structure of Burma include such as India Presidency Banks, British exchange banks, and a few banks from outside the British Empire. 

This process is helpful to facilitate the most productive utilization of funds and to promote fast business growth. Cash planning is a technique used to forecast future inflows and outflows of cash and hence to meet the future fund needs effectively. In short, thoughtful cash planning and cash management are essential to run the business efficiently so as to achieve its long-term goals.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board is a non-profit and private organization that was formed in 1973 and whose sole purpose was to develop generally accepted accounting principles in the US. These principles are meant to be formulated in the best interests of the public in relation to the execution of accounting practices in public companies.

As the economy of the United Kingdom struggles to recover from the recent financial crisis marked by mortgage defaults, high rates of unemployment, corporate scandals, and an overall lack of investor confidence, there has been a growing debate on the need to improve transparency, and accountability, trust, and credibility.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has several sections with each containing a rule of its own and effect on a corporation. Here is a summary of the main sections. Section 302 gives duty to the CEO and CFO to certify in person that financial reports are accurate and complete and are responsible for any fraud regarding such.

The adaptability features of the source of law for Islamic law were closely examined. While contemporary Shariah scholars and jurists have done an admirable job of modifying the classical nominate contracts into financial contracts, there still remains a lot of work to be done to make Islamic commercial law relevant to modern day needs.

Any market whereby there are consumers and vendors who in this case participate in the job of possessions such as shares, bonds, and currencies. The markets are however characteristically distinct by taking the clear pricing, the basic rules, and guidelines for trading, expenses and fees, and the market powers that determine the amounts of securities.

Firstly, the security market line (SML) is the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) representation. It is a basic relationship estimate between return and risk in a stock price. Estimation of the SML and comparing it to the actual historical stock returns enables the investor to get a sense of whether the stock is overvalued or undervalued, based on the assumptions of the investor about future performance (Sharpe,3).

The net profit figures help in inferring that the business is not consistent in generating a net profit by increasing the sales revenue. In November, the net profit figure was has been very low as compared to the profit figures in January, March, and April. The business should make efforts for bringing consistency in its business performance.

The borrower may not want the loan to be sold since it would be harder to negotiate with a lender who has no experience with the borrower. Second, the lender may want to protect the relationship with the borrower. Third, relationship-based lending can involve implicit commitments on both parties that would become worthless if the loan is sold.

Data were collected on a Likert scale and statistical analyses have been performed. All the analyses have been implemented with SPSS. Correlation and Regression have been performed to find the research outcome. Based on the regression analysis, it has been found that macroeconomic factors like economic growth, market speculations,  macroeconomic news, consumer installment credits, etc.

One way that the investors do this is to participate in the stock market. The stock market is a market where limited companies issue and sell their shares to the interested investors. Trade of shares is an important element in a country with a free economy.1 Through this, the companies get capital, and in return, the investors have some form of ownership in that particular company.

Where there is a need to sign, some employees may forge a signature to cover for someone else in absentia and still no follow up is done because of the trust in the organization. Another aspect is that any incidence of fraud is accompanied by very stringent measures to conceal the evidence; the chances of establishing the truth are minimal.

The growth in private credit stagnated while high-risk aversion by the financial institutions coupled by decline in investor confidence stifled credit growth in the economy (Casa, 2009). The real growth in the non-oil economic activities declined by about 5 percent in 2009 and the oil sector saw a significant decline in investments due to slowdown in global oil demand and significant decline in the global oil prices (Distr, 2009).

For the management to communicate the appropriate organizational goals to the appropriate staff/managers so that they can facilitate, coordinate and control performances in the various sections of the organization in order to meet certain planned organizational goals and objectives, proper budgeting must be put in place.

It is noteworthy that Commonwealth Bank has listed its stock in the Australian Securities Exchange. Presently Commonwealth Bank of Australia is one of the major players in the Australian financial markets owing to its large market coverage and asset base.

In brief, ABC refers to a costing system used in assigning costs to various goods and services in the business world (Grossman & Livingstone, 2009). In this paper, Super Bakery Inc. acts as a practical demonstration of how the system can determine the costs in a real life situation.

Studies in the last century into living organisms ranging from yeast to mammals have shown that calorie restriction can provide related benefits. The limited extension of these studies to humans has only reinforced the potential of using calorie restriction to provide solutions for many of the health-related problems that our societies face. 

However, in the United States, there are some domestic and independent companies having great potentials for reducing United States’ dependence on foreign fuels. Besides, there are greater opportunities in alternative and renewable fuels and domestic companies like Kodiak Oil and Gas Corp are having enough experience and quality to explore such opportunities.

The main purpose of this paper is to bring to light matters of Ameren Corporation and to determine if the company’s securities are a good investment or not. Company Analysis Last 1997, Ameren was born when the Union Electric Company (UE) of St. Louis, Missouri merged with its neighboring investor-owned public utility, CIPSCO Inc.

According to US GAAP, once impairment has been recognized it cannot be restored. The concept of disposition is somewhat different from asset write-down because an asset is no longer expected to contribute to ongoing operations once it is classified as an impaired asset.

There is a lot happening today that can be confusing to some people and investing has become a high-risk game for most investors. This paper tries to explain some of the wild gyrations in stock prices which has left people wondering if their monies can ever be safe, even with the “secure idea” of a diversified portfolio.

As such the importance of developing an effective investment strategy is made more prominent. A great number of strategic approaches have been proposed. One notable strategy has entirely neglected fundamental analysis for an approach that rests squarely on technical considerations.

The gross profit margin has fallen from 39% in year 5 to 34% in year 6. Although the sales of Grand Company increased from BD7450 in year 5 to BD10660, there was a subsequent increase in the purchases and cost of sales leading to a fall in the gross profit margin. The operating profit margin also fell from 10% in year 5 to 5% in year 6.

This is about the fact that budgeting is among the most important aspects of an organization’s operations. Budgetary control is driven by responsibility centers, with a clear emphasis on budget construction details for effective control of the organization's performance. A budget is a formal statement of financial resources.

As Rahn (2003) points out, in the place of the 80 cents one had to pay for each euro in 2009, presently, one has to pay 1.24 dollars per euro. While some scholars argue that a further fall is in the pipeline, a rational assumption is that as dollar already reached its minimum, its value is likely to improve in the coming years.

The group has acquired its property plant and equipment using finance leases. Under these, the renewal term is mentioned but their no clause mentioned concerning the purchase option or any other price escalation issue. The lessee holds the liberty towards the renewals. The terms and the stipulations do not pose any financial constraint on the group 

A firm is usually allocated resources in terms of the fair value of all its existing assets (Net of all the liabilities) that are used in the whole transaction. In scenarios whereby, the cost is relatively larger than the actual value of assets costing a residue amount is realized or used to handle the problems (Tsuji & Fujibayashi, 2011).

The need for pension reform is a real issue and if our pension system is not sustainable then it will present challenges for the City (Long Beach Post 2011). Bradley (2011) indicates that Mayor Foster ‘hailed the deals as major steps toward getting a budget surplus by the Fiscal Year 2014. Appendix 1 and 2 shows cost reduction for FY 2013. 

The financial crisis of the period 2007 and 2008 has been an outcome of credit crunch and liquidity crisis mainly in the United States. This crisis has been generated in the United States at the beginning and then it spread through the entire world with the decline of the world’s largest financial system (Hirsch, 2011, p.5).

Due to the effect of these targets, the investment portfolio hypothesis seeks to assist investors or economic experts with mechanisms to approximate anticipated risk and returns related to it (Fama 1998). For a stock market to achieve success, price dynamics related to the market’s underlying securities should be linked to unsystematic evaluation presently based on the existing statistics

Financial ratios serve to help a business monitor its progress, noticing all the trends and the factors inhibiting its desired performance. There are various financial ratios that are key to the running of a small business. These ratios include the current ratios, which are applied to measure the liquidity of a business, thus determining how well the business is placed to undertake business activities, such as investments, which may call for immediate liquid cash (Horcher, 2005).

It's pointed out that the speculators or financial inter-mediatory people have a significant role to play in this process. Exchanging the assets on their own personal accounts along with the public is their important role. They provide valuable advice to the market participants and help in managing their portfolio.

This research paper deals with a detailed analysis of Sunrise Senior Living Corporation, a US-based multinational senior care service organization. The objective of this study is to analyze the company's finances as well as nonfinancial status with respect to industry trends and also comparative analysis with the competitors.

The development of EMH goes back to the 1960s as Paul A. Samuelson and Eugene F. Fama developed their versions of EMH. Surprisingly, from two distinct research objectives both of them formulated independently the same central opinion of market efficiency. In contrast to Samuelson’s path to the EMH, Fama’s seminal papers (1965, 1969, 1970) were based on his concern in evaluating the statistical attributes of stock prices and in concluding the debate amongst technical and fundamental analysis.

Commercial Poultry Keeping. Due to the global increase in population that has resulted in a subsequent increase in food demand, birds have proved to be the most readily available source of protein since almost 90% of all households in Africa keep at least a particular type of bird.

The US housing market triggered difficulties which led the banks and other lenders underestimating the real risks for a longer period. The crisis spread throughout the global financial markets which destabilised the banking systems around the world. The impact spread beyond the financial system hitting the prosperity, economic growth and jobs throughout the world.

This paper intends to clearly analyze the possible effects that the differences and the similarity of the parties’ platforms posed to the economic performance of Japan in terms of the foreign direct investment.

Financial market securities include bonds, stocks, commodities, agricultural goods and precious metals. The derivatives market is financial market for derivative instruments such as options contracts and futures contracts. The characteristic feature of derivative instrument is that the value of derivative is derived from the underlying.

The house was leased to a married couple from September 1, 1996, to July 31, 1998. A second lease to another couple was entered into on August 1, 1998, for a duration of two years, but the lease was terminated in early 2000 by the tenants. The house was next leased to a couple on a short-term basis from February 1, 2000, to the end of June 2000.

The current process of rating agencies can be improved via a strong implementation and enforcement by the regime (Sherman, 2011). In 2006, the senate exceeded the acclaim Rating Agency Reform Act (Act), which intended to progress credit ratings by promoting accountability, lucidity, and antagonism (Bangemenn, 2005).

The author states that the concept provides different concepts for students with strong and weak mathematical understanding. It employs the principle of the dynamic or shifting of the flagpole’s center of gravity (physical metaphor) to explain the principles of bond duration, to students with weaker mathematical understanding.