Health Science and Medicine - Assignment Example

Health Science and Medicine Insti Health science and medicine In 2007 the Ethiopian Federal HIV/AIDs prevention and control office d that 977,394 Ethiopia citizens are infected with HIV women having the highest percentage of 57.4. This is because Ethiopian women spend more hours working than men however; they are paid less. Women who do not have men in the house result to prostitution for livelihood. Thirdly, many females get married early because of the tradition that encourages early marriage hence they lack knowledge on relationship matters. Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides alternative methods that help women to get money (Sokolowski, & Banks, 2011). The model provides more knowledge about HIV and ways to prevent it without disrespecting the traditions. The model will help the Ethiopian people to question the effect of HIV on the whole society, their job and family and teach them ways to prevent it. (99-100). Step 1: Social assessment 1. What are the other sources that women can get their basic needs from? 2. How much knowledge does the Ethiopian society have about sex? How often are condoms used? 3. Do schools, government and hospitals provide sexual information? Step2: Epidemiological assessment By the year 2020, a decrease of 30% in the number of infections will be realized. Step3: Behavioral and environmental assessment Behavioral Sub-Objectives 1. Increase sources of supply of basic needs up to 60% by 2017. 2. Increase awareness about HIV up to 30% by 2018. 3. Increase the number of people testing for HIV to 15% by 2016. 4. Increase the use of condom to 30% by 2019. Environmental Sub-Objectives 1. Provide free monthly aid of basic needs supplies to 75% by 2020. 2. Creating awareness in schools and communities to 20% by 2016. 3. Provide 50% blood testing booths everywhere by 2019. 4. Provide free condoms to the public to 50% by 2016. Step4: educational and ecological assessment Behavioral sub Objectives 1. Provide grocery stores with money to encourage them to divide basic need using the stimulus control construct. 2. Provide more videos, brochures and posters in the public places about HIV through the knowledge and conscious awareness constructs. 3. Explain to the public the importance of testing and the effect of HIV on their job and family through movies and use perceived severity construct. 4. Through the decisional balance construct, explain to people the positive outcomes of using condoms and the negative outcomes of not using it. Environmental sub-Objectives 1. Through the stimulus control construct, create partnerships with the grocery stores and supermarkets to divide of basic needs. 2. Through the conscious awareness and knowledge constructs, arrange programs with schools and the hospitals to provide lectures on HIV. 3. Create partnership with hospitals to provide more blood testing booths. 4. Partnership with hospitals and schools to provide condoms for the public. Both point 3 and 4 will be based on the situational perception. Step5: Administrative and policy assessment 1. Attract investors to provide grants to buy condoms for the public. 2. Rise funding from inside and outside the country. 3. Arrange with the government to create polices, punishment and set a specific budget to help provide the food and the basic need to the public. Step6: Implementation 1. Create programs with school and hospitals to help arrange schedule of the dates and places where the lectures of the HIV will take place. 2. Make grocery stores owners to sign contracts of equal division of food. 3. Arrange with hospitals community discussion in different neighbor hoods about HIV especially for uneducated. Step7: process evaluation 1. Are the schools and hospitals providing lectures to the public? 2. Are the schools and hospitals providing condoms to the public? 3. Are the grocery stores owners dividing the food equally? 4. Are there enough blood testing booths? And are people testing? Step8: Impact evaluation 1. Are foods and basic needs divided among the public? 2. Are the articles and newspapers giving enough information on HIV? 3. Are people testing? Are condoms being used? Step9: Outcome evaluation Did the number of people affected with HIV decreased to 30% by 2020. Health Belief Model The perceived barrier construct in the HBM is helpful (Sokolowski, & Banks, 2011). This happens where a person has the knowledge on how to change his health behavior issue yet is not capable because of the cost barriers. As a result, his health educator needs to help reduce the pressures and suggest methods such as creating schedules of food diet. However, Kara health educator first needs to increase her confidence and that she is able to go through the change by using the self-efficacy construct, which to help control her emotions. The Tran theoretical Model In the TTM, Kara shifts from one stage to the next. She needs to change her food diet. By Kara’s sharing her feeling and commitment to change in the news it is assumed that she is in the self-liberation process. Thus, Kara needs to move to the stimulus control and helping relationships process, where she needs to change the environment by increasing the healthier behavior. In addition, she needs to focus on her self-efficacy. Social Cognitive Theory In the SCT two constructs will be helpful to Kara’s issue. The first construct is similar to the two previous models, which is self-efficiency. The second constructs are the emotional coping, where the persons use techniques to control their physiological state (Sokolowski, & Banks, 2011). By Kara learning new method such as yoga or progressive muscle relaxations, to control her emotions she will help to prevent herself from any break down and stay self-motivated to follow the change, as she will lose her stress and depression through other healthier techniques. The HBM, TTM and the SCT theories relate to health behavior change though in different perspectives. HBM provides strategies at the micro level for planning intervention. The TTM explains behavioral change through a period of time in various stages. The stages are not linear. SOT predicts and controls behavior, states that human behavior can be explained in two dimensions, environment and personal features. HBM and TTM are not theories as they provide suggestion and solution in more details un-like SOT which provides general information on how to create health programs (Sokolowski, & Banks, 2011). TTM is thus the best method. Bene posits that obesity level in children and adult doubled while in teenagers’ obesity level tripled since 2010. The cause of overweight could be genetic complexity. The notion behind overweight causes depression. Therefore, creating more awareness in schools, homes, and healthcare institutions will boost self-esteem of the overweight. Overweight people are not valued and respected by others thus lowering their self-esteem. Weight bias can also lead to poverty and may increase depression and suicidal ideas. Health professionals should not associate the weight problems with other health issue. They should be open with the overweight to build trust and respect in their relationship and help the overweight person to express themselves feeling freely. Lastly, the health professional should use polite words. Reference Sokolowski, J. A., & Banks, C. M. (2011). Modeling and simulation in the medical and health sciences. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Read More