Law Essays

In the year 1991, the United Kingdom government agreed to ensure that children have rights that have been listed in the convention on the rights of a child. The government should enact laws and other activities that include educating the society on the rights of children.  The history of rights regarding children in England continues to be a history of adult actions.

Arguments have been passed across raising concerns of whether or not the UK laws should be amended in order to cater to the interest of both the women and the businesses. According to the United Kingdom law, all pregnant women employees are permitted to take up 52 weeks of maternity leave. This is highly independent of how long they have been working for their employers. 

Directive 2000/78/EC provides that no member states shall discriminate against any person on basis of, inter alia, sex, or age regarding areas of occupation and employment. Albus and Bellatrix are employees of the Prison Service, a private institution in Ruritania whose main role is to oversee prisons in penitentiary facilities. 

The paper analyzes the ethical dilemmas in the correctional field. The problems are whether punishment or rehabilitation should be upheld, the issue of food that is eaten in prison, whether the inmates should be granted a right to conjugal right, the prison healthcare systems and quality and if videographers should be present during execution. 

Health care tort reforms in Texas effected under the common law to limit damages and malpractices on September 1 in 2003. The law’s main aim was to protect the physicians and reduce healthcare costs in all the counties that were most affected by healthcare malpractices (White and George, 333). Before enacting the law, there were many malpractice cases against physicians from their patients.

Drug-related corruption has increased over the past decade mainly due to the active involvement of many police officers in such crime. The main motivators are money and power that makes police officers get actively involved in such drug-related businesses. The officers who should be adopting measures to protect such crimes take participation in such scandals and even protect the drug dealers.

Labor arbitration refers to the reference of disputes between management and labor unions to an impartial third party for a final resolution and it is usually the last step under a collective-bargaining agreement after all other measures to achieve a settlement have been exhausted. Every organization has its own workplace problems.

The honesty of the eyewitness testimony has to be very important in the criminal justice system. The eyewitness testimony can make a great impact on the jury’s decision on making a judgment.  Lying under oath is a major crime and it can ruin the reputation and integrity of the justice system.

The world of a serial killer would often be filled with horror, often starting with a dysfunctional family that netted out verbal, sexual, and emotional abuse. The childhood of such a person could be filled with torment and pushes them to the limits of crime. The majority of these serial killers would just look like any normal human beings.

Procurement is a contractual process that involves the organization that offers the tenders and on the other side, there are organizations or persons who bid for the tender. The contracts are binding under the laws and they are recognized by courts of most countries.

In summary, the Gaza 2014 war between Israel and Palestinian Hamas was a culmination of historical events that are centered on the Palestine land issue particularly the failure of establishment of an Arab nation following Israel’s occupation of the territories allocated for the envisioned Arab state over the years since 1948.

The US has one of the most powerful and organized judicial systems in the world that provides the country with the discipline of law obedience. The court system is divided into two parts Federal and State ones. Each state has its own system of courts that are supposed to enforce citizens of the state to obey the specific laws.

Punitive damages, sometimes referred to as exemplary damages, are damages that are meant to deter the defendant from engaging in similar conduct to those which formed the basis of the lawsuit (Beatty 32). The damages are often warded in a context where compensatory damages are deemed inadequate remedy. 

In most countries such as Britain and America, the receipt of any social security benefit is tied to ‘socially acceptable’ behaviour (Larkin, 2007). The basis is to ensure there is good, acceptable behaviour among the working class. Social security has been aligned together with the criminal justice system.

The functionalism theory is also accredited in explaining international relation. The functionalism concept explains the function of different states involved in the relation. Most of the fewer developed countries that are mostly referred to as the developing nations usually engage in the relationship in sourcing for funds for development.

More considerably, people differ from every other living being only by being self-responsible. This means that they teach themselves to be self-directing. Their behaviour results from choice instead of instinct; and because people opt to pursue a never-ending range of self-determined purposes, anyone can stray from the behaviour sequence that the praxeologist,

The major breakthrough was in the  R.v. Marshall case was “Tribe of Indians shall not be hindered from, but have free liberty of Hunting and Fishing as usual and that if they shall think a Truck house needful at the River Chibenaccadie or another place of their resort, they shall have the same built and proper Merchandize lodged therein……”.

While gathering evidence for a crime, police have three main aims - to help establish what offense was committed, to collect evidence, and to search for clues for identifying or confirming the identity of the offender. Evidence is gathered from the crime scene, victim’s clothing, forensic examination of the victim, medical examination of the suspect, etc.

To begin with the forensic examination, glass fragments can be observed under a microscope. Refractive Index (RI) determination is a simple test to trace glass pieces to reference glass source; it associates breakers to the alleged crime.

From a generalized perspective, prison management entails the management of people, who in this case include prisoners and staff. By implication, therefore, the successful running of prisons can not be purely evaluated by considering the efficiency and effectiveness of operations (European Convention on Human Rights Act 2003 10). Above all, the question of human rights is of prime significance.

In view of these possibilities, it is, therefore, safe to assume that the reliability and rationality of an evidenced-based policy are dependent on the quality of information reaching policymakers. In addition, the appropriateness of the resulting policy is also dependent on the understanding of policymakers of different social issues involved in a particular crime.

In a case, the use of torture is justifiable so as to coerce the suspect to disclose the required information that would save the lives of innocent people. The use of torture, in this case, would maximize the overall happiness of many or result in a positive consequence that would benefit many (Levinson, 2002).

Notably, United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been making efforts of protecting intellectual property rights in recent times.  As a growing nation, the Intellectual property system in UAE is still undergoing development with the government aiming to achieve compliance with the international treaties and agreements such as TRIPS (Cave, 1999).

Secondly, there has been a widespread doctrine of the sovereignty of the parliament over a long period of time (Bogdanor et. al, 2010, p. 499). One of the most prominent and imperative themes which have dominated diverse discourse in the UK political set-up is the lack of a codified constitution, as well as the international uniqueness of this position.

Additionally, it serves as the framework for a string of other evidence during a trial. For fire investigations, testifying at trial is normal for fire investigators who have the education, training, and experience to determine the cause and origin of fire (InterFire 2014, 1). Indeed, the final step in any fire investigation process is presenting expert opinion at a trial.

In cases that concern fire accidents, technical and scientific evidence are significant instruments of justice. They can cause numerous problems to the adversary trial process when it comes to determining their admissibility in a fair trial. Such problems are reflected in the legal doctrine that relates to the opinion an expert witness provides.

The essay provides comments on the role of the Investigator-in-Charge in managing an effective investigation. Additional areas explored include the ways in which any differences in how national legal systems can play a part in the investigation. Within the context of civil aviation, safety is an outcome of intricate activities that cover all domains of aviation.

A mistake in professional duty is often and in other industries, it does not lead to increased criminalization. However, for the aviation industry, mistakes lead to prosecution that may cause long-term career and professional repercussions. Most pilots who face trials can easily face challenges in getting re-employed in the industry.

Forensic awareness and fire fighting are crucial to a fire scene as they facilitate the preservation of any proof that may be available. Fire is disparaging and firefighting tactics have the potential to aggravate evidence loss. The origin of the fire is an essential proposition that calls for a series of tests in the course of fire investigation.

Different countries have different perceptions on active citizenship but what is common in all of them is volunteerism. Volunteerism has become the new order for countries since this is the most appropriate way of fostering business relationships and settling disputes. Volunteerism has also helped in facilitating democracy in nations.

In Western systems, intellectual property rights consist of specific laws that promote industrial innovation and commercial creativity by offering protection to the rights of innovators and creators. Indigenous people think that intellectual property laws benefit the majority of non-indigenous cultures and are against the interests and rights of indigenous cultural products and creativity.

This includes rape, prostitution, molestation, and other sexual exploitation forms. The different types of abuse include physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse or exploitation, emotional abuse, parental substance abuse, and abandonment. The Significance of the “Child Abuse” TopicThe topic of child abuse is important because of the behavioral, and emotional problems exhibited by children that are either victims or witnesses of child abuse.

Ethics in health care on the other hand refers to the study of judgments and moral values which apply to the health care system. There are six values that are common in the medical field. They include autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, dignity, honesty and truthfulness, and justice. These values are very important in the healthcare scenario because they are used as a framework for understanding conflicts that occur within the organization.

The main function of a criminal justice system is to sustain social control and to provide justice for all. The government uses this system to oversee justice and the system strives to accomplish this through conviction and punishment of the guilty and assisting them to refrain from committing offenses while protecting the innocent people at the same time (Burns, 2009).

Though sociological theories agree and state that criminal law is a manifestation of social composition, but the theories mostly differ on the explanation of how legal process and law in the case of agencies that enforce the law, correctional institutes, and courts are manipulated by the community and areas of social structure.

Death is imminent, and it is only a matter of time. For those faced with the certainty of death, the only choice is to die in a dignified manner.  For patients and their families, there is no need to use means to prolong life that deteriorates and reduces the dignity of the patient (Reiser S.J; Dyck A.J; Curran W.J, 1977).

Police communication and practice are major changes introduced in fighting crime and improving security in contemporary society, part of the implementation process includes community policing. Community policing is a term that refers to cooperation between the police and the public with regard to security issues affecting that particular community.

For instance, criminals obtain gains using violence and corruption. Therefore, there are intricate relationships between corruption and other types of crime such as economic crime and organized crime. However, contrary to the worldwide view that corruption is a vice affecting third world countries and developing nations, the problem afflicts all countries in the world.

Often, tragic incidents, high profile inquiries, and media spotlight bring such issues to the forefront. For instance, the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody that was created in October 1987 held such an inquiry. It investigated the death of around 91 indigenous people in the custody, who died over ten years (Johnston, 1991).

Aircrafts have been developedin Australia since 1858 when William Dean undertook the initial manned flight in Melbourne (Lee, 2008). The Australian aviation industry has been developed by the country’s intellectuals who focused their best interest in developingcrafts and this influenced and inspired greatly the work of others in United States and Europe.

A crime is also termed as an offense committed against the state or the public. A tort is a crime that is committed against a private sector causing some public havoc. Authorities employ a variety of mechanisms to prevent or allow some kind of behavior. In an effort to prevent crimes, different policies as well as practices are put in place.

Legal Systems and Mental Health in NSW AustraliaI. The legislation relevant to the main issues raised by Harms (2011) is the Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW). The Mental Health Act was passed by parliament and came into effect on 16 November.

Four years later in 2002, the ICC was finally born with the intention to prosecute perpetrators of such crimes. The statute drafted in Rome came to be known as the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and is considered as a treaty that led to the establishment of ICC. The statute came into force formally on July 01, 2002, and on February 01 this year, the number of states party to the statute stands at 120.

This is because society is structured in such a way that it creates an environment that facilitates crime. Crime, according to Braithwaite and Drahos (2002), is the process of violating the existing criminal laws that have been enacted by the state or the authority or the federal government. Norms can be described as culture or value.

Thus, young children ought to be perceived as active role players in their lives and must be recognized as such and not merely passive subjects to adults who provide and care for them. This paper will render participation rights the center of attention under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Participation rights imply the right to involve in various activities that are drawn from a broad perspective.

Taxation disputes between tax authorities and incorporation are surrounded by a lot of controversies. In most cases, incorporations contend the right of tax authorities to tax them. Residency and source arguments are some of the arguments advanced by incorporation when they challenge the right of the tax authority to charge them withholding tax.

The amendment was done hurriedly by the Howard administration and it highly favored the businesspersons and employers through the abolition of unfair dismissal and wage restrictions. According to the administration, this was supposed to be an economic incentive to encourage more investments and create more job opportunities.

Southeast Asia, among the most dynamic regions/places globally, has been highlighted not only as facing rising threats but also as security challenges including territorial conflicts, the proliferation of mass destruction weapons, nuclear armament, international terrorism, and organized, transnational crimes.

The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was ratified in 1969 and came into effect in 1970 and became international law with eleven Articles. The states which concluded the treaty are referred to as “Parties to the Treaty” (Joyner 2011, p.11). In the beginning, there were only five nuclear-weapon states (NWS) namely China, United Kingdom, France, the United States, and USSR.

International law was first developed in Europe back in the 17th century, today; the law is widely used by almost all nations across the world in solving both internal, as well as external conflicts (Australia, 2013, 07). The rules and principles that govern international law are increasingly significant in the functioning of many independent nations including Australia.