Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The most likely cause for demographical segmentation is that the product appeals to the personal characteristics of the customers such as age, gender, race, income, life stage, occupation, and education level.

The authors argue citing different sources that the privatization of government services such as communication becomes more efficient as publicly owned companies are more likely to be capital constrained due to the lack of investors .

In this regard the paper presents an overview of the unemployment situation in the country and discusses the causes and effects of unemployment on the economic development of the country. Furthermore, the paper also describes some possible ways that can help the country in reducing the unemployment rate.

This paper’s objective is to assess and throw light on the conditions under which the exchange rate may shoot up, even in the presence of Rational Expectations. For the very objective of the paper, it becomes crucial to look into the theory of rational expectations besides critically evaluating the meaning of the term in the context of its practicality and its theory format.

The economic history is full of monopolistic actions by people and corporations. Some are government enterprises or protected by the government. Some are heavily regulated industries. Some are ruthless tycoons attempting to corner the market. Others are well meaning businessmen who have stepped outside what the FTC feels is the monopoly foul line.

The author states that Beveridge was a  social reformer and aimed to bring about reform in the field of social insurance,  that aimed at doing away with any form of interruption or inability in earning income among the masses and to pay the way for social insurance to cater to special expenditure like marriage, birth and the like.

Monetary policy is one of the two macroeconomic tools used by the government to effectively impact the economy (AIB Capital Markets). This policy tool is primarily utilized to influence economic indicators like interest rates, inflation, and credit availability by controlling the changes in the money supply available in the economy. 

Economically, politically and militarily, the United States (US) is the dominant force in contemporary world affairs. Anderson et al. state that the US economic influence extends far beyond its status as the world’s largest economy. The US is progressive, in the words of one observer, ‘creating an economic world in its own image’. 

World capital markets throughout the globe are now interlinked via satellite, networks and technology. Globalisation has linked formerly independent economies. When a cataclysm occurs within a globally linked financial system, the entire global market feels the ripples of the event.

Financial markets are regarded as fascinating and complex. Through the years, several studies have been made to critically analyze various trends in these markets. Specifically, concerned individuals are keen on translating information in the market and make use of the data for their different purposes.

Eventually, the US grew ever more multifaceted institutions to contest its growth. And as the American government engaged in the economy has been a persistent theme, the degree of that contribution normally has increased (Fogel 99). The US constitution that was adopted in 1787 and in result to this day was in many customs a work of inventive genius.

Due to the strategic, geopolitical and economic factors, outside observers regard the Gulf region as an area of vital interest. As such, threat perceptions relating to Gulfs commercial viability have become increasingly salient not only for the Gulf States but for the international community as a whole in the light of increasingly globalized commercial transactions.

Based on the proposed budget allocations reflected in the table, the program can be evaluated as it requires a very minimal expenditure of $88,310 per annum in comparison to the future financial benefits that sufficiency economic policy will bring into the nation, in the event that the program succeeds.

The above diagram represents on way in which Mrs. Acres can act. Here, suppose the initial equilibrium occurs at the point where Demand meets Supply curve at D = S. The equilibrium quantity here is 8000 pies at a price of $4.5. However, Mrs. Acres find that this quantity is not meeting the current demand.

Hedge funds provide help to lower the volatility in a portfolio through diversification. Hedge funds are flexible investment options and can invest in a variety of instruments like stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities and gold while using lots of leverage. Derivatives are used only for hedging purposes. They also are usually tax-free.

The law of demand was first stated y the French Mathematician, Antoine Augustin Cournot, in 1838. “The greater the amount to e sold the lesser must be the price at which it is offered, in order that it may find purchasers, or in other words, the amount demanded increases with a fall in price and decreases with a rise in price."

There are several reasons why immigration should contribute positively to economic growth.  First, the arrival of immigrants generates more consumption and also helps to create economies of scale.  Immigrants also contribute to saving, since, generally speaking, they have a strong marginal propensity to save.

The report examines the economic health and progress of the Canadian economy over the current time horizon with the help of economic concepts and measures like the Gross National Product, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. The paper also provides additional economic indicators that help a definitive conclusion on the state of the Canadian economy.

According to Keynes consumption is a function of income, this function depicts that as the level of income increases then the level of consumption also increases, in cases where the income declines then consumption declines, for this reason, therefore, consumption is a function of income where Keynes specified the model as follows: C = F(Y)

 One of the most important roles was to represent the concerns of the scientific community to top management, as well as managing the number of specialized “chapters” who purpose was to allow researchers from diverse operations but with similar special interests to hold seminars with speakers discussing scientific specialties.   

The sound and sustainable practices of Lean could revive damage of industry to its environment.  Unknowingly, business entities are already practicing corporate social responsibility.  It has taken into account that their businesses do not exist in a vacuum but interacts with environment, society and governments.  

The current credit crisis which is the wave of the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market can be evaluated by understanding the history which is associated with it in terms of the effects it has had on the borrower as well as the financial statements of the banks,other financial institutions and the investors in the mortgage backed by securities around the world

The gross domestic product can be defined as a measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country in a given time frame. It has always been considered an important indicator of economic activity. The GDP is estimated by three distinct theoretical approaches, these are GDP from the output or production. 

Chaos comes from the Greek word meaning “gaping void”, which also sounds confusing and indefinite as the word itself. According to Greek Mythology, Chaos represents the very precious moments of existence. Modern science and daily life describe chaos similar to each other, both meaning a state of unpredictable confusion and extreme disorder.

The author states that most agree that increased spending on government infrastructure is a prudent approach to jump-starting the economy out of a downturn. Others believe that tax cuts or tax rebates can help pull the economy out of a recession. The underlying causes are usually not singular in nature.

To generalize the process of economic development of China, it can be deemed that the country has achieved the economic success that is being targeted by the nation and it has done it through a unique process of synthesizing the socialist form of government with the promulgated economic policies which were unprecedented.

One important aspect about the intended gun control measure is, the administrators have begun to think about the use of military-style assault weapons for civilian use. I have no hesitation in supporting the measure in the prevailing societal conditions. I emphasize the word prevailing, because sermons from the political platforms by the politicians that believe in various ideologies are not going to produce any tangible results.

The payout ratio can be calculated by dividing the company’s dividend by EPS. If the payout ratio is more than one then an investor can evaluate that the company has paid out more dividends in a year. A dividend policy would be framed for the shareholders in a way that it would set a target capital structure and it would estimate the annual equity needs of the company.

One hundred years ago the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes provided reasonably good transport links. But recent increases in the scale of ocean-going ships and related declines in ocean shipping rates have increased the competitiveness of U.S. coastal locations compared to the center.  

The structural framework within which the shipping industry operates is the liner conference. The UNCTAD Code of Conduct for Liner Conference defines it as an organization of two or more vessel operators agreeing to provide international liner services to carry cargo to specified geographic locations under the condition of common freight rates.  

It should be noted that the gap between the rich and the poor is widening due to the erosion of the middle class brought about by the high cost of living worsened by the low level of wages. Data from countries all over the world reveal that the disparity of income between the rich and the poor is not just a local issue for Miami-Dade.

This paper focuses on the positive socioeconomic effects of tourism in Costa-Rica. It is shown, that tourism gives huge boost to the country’s development. The economic feasibility Indicators are very positive for Costa Rica. Investment can be safely made in Costa Rica since its property registry system is very reliable and advanced.

Educational institutions--explicitly including universities--are not philanthropic islands of abstract debate. This maxim of the German President is borne out by this colloquium, for this is not merely an 'abstract debate'. The subject is of great practical relevance: 'the euro: a challenge to, and opportunity for, the financial markets'.

These principles called for corporations doing business in South Africa to adhere to strict standards of non-discrimination in hiring and promotions to set a positive example.The most frequently-encountered method of "disinvesting" was to persuade state,county and municipal governments to sell their stock in companies which had a presence in South Africa

The author accentuates that the City is obviously at a disadvantage compared to the West End in terms of consumer demand for housing. It is obviously reflected by the inability of its prices to increase. Since it is inevitable to suffer the consequence of inflation as it is a phenomenon, the investors have to construct houses at a high cost.

The paper "Economy of Hong Kong" aims to analyse the economy of Hong Kong because the country has been very successful in terms of its economy and modernization. In fact, it is one of the leading countries in Asia. In many aspects, Hong Kong succeeded in developing its economy – tourism, financial market, and trade.

Centrally planned economies are also referred to as command economies, in this type of economy the government controls production, the distribution and pricing of goods and services in the economy, the government also owns enterprises in almost all sectors of the economy, as a result, the government sets prices.

In order to assess the strings of influence attached to their business, managers generally call for the assistance of market analysis tools. According to Porter Five Forces Analysis (2004), factors that influence the proceedings of a business do not come solely from economic conditions, but social and political changes as well. 

The perspective taken will be with regard to economic efficiency which is the topic of discussion of this paper and concepts such as genetic information and biosystems could be examined closely with regard to changing economies and legal issues within environmental and even industrial settings.

The author accentuates the idea of having defined the market, there is a definite need to explain what determines how a market operates and what kinds of markets exist, economically speaking. The factors that determine the category into which a market falls are basically the number of buyers and sellers.

It is shown, that the level of central bank`s independence directly indicates the level of responsibility of the state for the value of legal tender. Maintaining internal and external value of money is a function of inflation targeting and appreciation/depreciation of currency. Both government and central bank are responsible for the success of monetary policy.

The author states that through the efficient allocation of economic resources a society’s welfare is enhanced. A contemporary addition is the inclusion of technological changes. According to economic liberals, the line between political and economic power is so faint that they both concurrently wield enough propensity to affect society.

The economy is dominated by large public institutions controlling all sectors and monopoly was prevalent. However, the accession of the country to the European Union in 1986 necessitated Spain to “open its economy, modernize its industrial base, improve infrastructure, and revise economic legislation to conform to EU guidelines.”

If the base rate is left unchanged and the inflation keeps scaling up higher then the money market and fixed income securities will suffer a set back and the people on the street will run towards more risky investments that could fetch them higher returns, as a result, there will be a sharp upsurge in prices of riskier assets like the real estate. 

 Recent political and economic reforms in eastern Europe and in a number of other emerging economies present the prospect of growing wealth to their citizens; the related worldwide privatization wave also provides opportunities for the international expansion of western enterprises. Privatization of state-owned enterprises - that is, the transfer of ownership from government to private investors.

If the risks are similar, firms can make a choice of foreign market entry strategy based on factors over which they exercise more direct control - product type, unit price, intellectual property content, target consumer profiles, business plans, availability of capital. This provides more certainty for firms, allowing better market access planning and more predictable growth paths.

He lays down four major reasons for both the crisis. First, according to him is a surplus of savings in a number of countries— the oil producers in the 1970s, the Asian economies, and commodity exporters today. The savings are recycled through the international banking system on a regular basis to fuel demand.  

The Government imposes a tax on alcohol as a result of which price increases and the Government also compensates it with a cut in income tax. As long as the consumers are not purchasing alcohol the impact of alcohol tax will not affect him but on the other hand due to cut in income tax purchasing power increases.

The author states that the price of corn drops and products such as corn syrup become more competitive against other types of sweeteners. If the decrease in demand is smaller than the increase in supply, the product will find equilibrium at a higher price. If farmers produce more corn, the market will continue to use the increased yield.

The convergence is also capable of integrating with the overall administrative systems incorporating security measures as part of the normal routine to help with investigations in case the need arises. This is particularly useful for institutions like banks, departmental stores, hotels, government office premises, and residences of high-ranking politicians and celebrities, and also schools.