How Technology Is Going to Affect Employability in the Near Future - Research Proposal Example

How Technology is going to affect Employability Name Institution Course Date Introduction Since human beings came to know about technology, they have been researching and coming up with new things and for sure technology is changing the world of work and reshaping labor markets. Technological change and its force on the employment have become a center of attention around the globe. The innovations comprise of highly developed communication systems, flexible manufacturing systems, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer - aided design (CAD), and industrial robots . These modern technologies incorporate powerful and low cost microelectronic devices that have the potential to increase productivity in office and factory production risks. This research paper focuses mainly on the effects that Information Communication Technology enabled devices such as smart techniques, smart devices, and smart machines have on employment. The main focus here is on public employment services and ways they can support the opportunities Information Communication Technology can provide to employees and the self-employed. Depending on how technology is embraced it can bring both negative and positive effects in terms of employment. Technology is meant to make work easier as compared to olden days where everything was done manually. Even though most people consider technology introduction negatively, there are clear opportunities that come from digital occupations and the broader use of digital tools . According to Kaufman, Parcel and Wallace, (1988), individuals, businesses and governments have an opportunity to benefit a lot from digital professions and the employment of digital tools. Technology can also bring negative effects if not used in a proper manner. With technology, certain professions may also be digitized to unreliable extents, with some personnel or part of their occupations being replaced by introduction of technology (Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988). The capability to take advantage of openings will also differ among people; employees with advanced levels of techniques more probable to benefit, while those with minor techniques may be less equipped and therefore more exposed to dangers of inferior job superiority and of employment loss. Technology is also altering the nature of employment associations, with insinuations for the dangers people face and there is even the bigger danger of being left out altogether. This research proposal will shade light on the effects of technology on employment in the past since the history of the effects of technology on employment is going to provide pointers on the industries, employees, employers and phenomena to focus on during the actual resaarch. OBJECTIVES The aim of these research is to identify both positive and negative effects of technology specifically modern technology on employment. The pace at which modern technology is being adopted globally is relatively fast with a few companies being slow to take up technology for various reasons that are going to be identified during the research. This research is going to provide an accurate point of view of the employment and technology interaction .the negative effects of technology are going to be identified and are going to form a basis of litigation by all the stake holders ranging from government, employers and labor parties (Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988). The research also aims at providing a suitable answer to the jobs that have been lost due to the use of modern technology in the place of earlier employed people, a long lasting solution that accommodates the employer's and the employee's interests in terms of compensation. The research aims at answering theses questions 1). What are the positive effects of technology on employment? 2).what are the negative effects of technology on employment? 3). what needs to be done and by who to minimize the negative effects of technology? 4). what is the future of employment in relation to technology? LITERATURE REVIEW Creation of job employment- the introduction of technology in the 20th century came with the need for more people to work in the growing industry from the people to study the new technologies for purposes of machine operations in industries, teaching and training the new science notably in the engineering field (Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988) since the development of technology was for the increase in manufacturing of goods. programming in the computer industry is a profession that has grown rapidly with the young taking up Information Communication and Technology to the next level. There has also been conception of computer hardware manufacture industry since almost every household currently has a computer. With the increase in production by industries which is owed to automation of many industrial process there has been increase in the number of people employed in the agricultural sector, transportation of manufactured goods, manufacturing and retail. ICT is a field in the current world of technology can be described as a versatile technology that has been able to be used in diverse fields from designing, manufacturing ,transport, marketing and even retail. due to this there has been the rise of need by employers for employees who are "technology-savvy" .Digital divide according to Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988 the gap within populations between those who can access and use information and communication technologies (ICT) effectively, and those who cannot. From the above understanding of digital divide it can be predicted that employees from now on are employing people who have a wide knowledge of information communication technology and are able to apply it the implementation of their job description. In the research such questions can be posed to people of have been employed in the recent past say two years on how their expertise in ICT helped them secure employment. a good field to research in is the engineering industry owing to the invention of software that help engineers design using computer examples of these software are AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, Solid Works and so many more. These are in the current market handy in the designing and simulation of the safety factor, mechanical advantage and even simulation loading on machines and buildings prior to construction. Employers are now seeking people who can effectively use ICT to work. Modern technology being a young practice was developed after most of the population was already employed and for some people specifically in the age bracket of 50-64 years have not adopted modern technologies fully, this factor has impacted greatly on their retirement age, past studies have shown that people aged between 50-64 years in the employment industry that are not able to apply modern technology in their field of work are retiring earlier than their counterparts who have been able to learn and effectively use modern technology. Self employment is still a factor that has greatly been influenced by modern technology notably ICT which is has helped the youth who cannot secure jobs in industries to create employment for themselves and be able to earn a living. The vast use of social media among the young generation has helped the youth to gain information on the internet about the various businesses they seek to pursue ranging from agriculture, marketing of goods and service, procurement of goods. A large population are currently pursuing courses on the internet that are a good alternative to those who for various factors ranging from proximity to learning institutions, financial factors, time and others are not able to study physically are able to take online courses that are certified and are recognized in the job market. people who are also employed can study online during their free time for courses and skills relevant to their field of study to ensure job security. There are many advantages in the employment industry that have been brought by modern technology ,however there have been negative impacts of modern technology on employment notably the elimination of jobs that were previously done by people and are now automated, this has been evident in the telephone industry that had up to 60% of the work force laid off due to the invention of the wireless communication. In the agricultural sector there was invention of farm machinery that are able to prepare the land, plant, weed and harvest. the production of pesticides and herbicides and machinery that are operated by as few as one person, this reduced the need for man power in the agricultural sector. In the automotive industry as a manufacturing and assembly industry there has been inventions of modern technology that are able to perform required tasks with less manpower requirement and with less supervision. This has reduced the need for craftsmen in vehicle and other manufacturing industries. The reduction in need for manpower in industries led to the penning off of a large world population and led to an uproar from labor parties, human rights activists and the international communities. In the United Kingdom Agricultural sector laid off up to 50% of the workforce during the development of modern technology in the 20th century. This then made companies and governments to come up with contingency strategies to help maintain the GDP high this meant that the economic growth brought by modern technology had to be slowed down at the cost of people's living standards. Among the contingency policies that were set up is the need for companies to provide a notice to the employees whose duties would be taken up by automated machines in advance; as early as two years prior was recommended widely (Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988) this was to enable people who would be impacted negatively by adoption of modern technology to plan ahead and be able to start looking for employment elsewhere. There is also need for the industry to coordinate the adjustment of job description for those who would otherwise be rendered unemployed due to the use of technology since one of the main achievements made by modern technology was to take up most of the work that was done by hand before. Machines of modern technology are able to do a process with minimal supervision and repeat the process as much as needed, however there is need for human input in the place of measurements ,timings, programming and maintenance. hence to avoid having to lay off worker there is need for employees to have their job description adjusted of even changed completely. This has been a welcomed decision by labor parties and even governments. Many of the telecommunication companies opted for paying off workers "retrenchment' (Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988). this is because the industry was undergoing extreme change in technology, and due to the competition among telecommunication service providers to remain relevant in a changing industry, the need for immediate change hence the immediate compensation and was accommodated by the constitution according to the law breach of contract this was cited by many financial lawyers in court session involving complainants of being laid off for automation of their duties. This allowed for a compensational fee being given to the affected this allowed people to start up businesses, companies and other employment opportunities hustle free. The pace of introduction of new technology appears to be increasing in many industries as these industries modernize to reduce costs and compete more effectively in domestic and overseas markets (Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, 1988). Companies are needed to train their employees on the use of modern technology in relevance with their job description. Like secretaries are trained to type letters, e-mails and internal memoranda using computers. Office messengers are mostly retained and made to transport parcels and goods purchased online. technicians remained employed and trained to manage machinery and maintain them. This ensured that people did not have to be penned off due to adoption of modern technology. All this contingent measures were meant to make people embrace the growth of modern technology for the prosperity of the economy since if the introduction of technology would have taken all of the jobs in the employment industry then there would have been a revolt against more technology. All the above pointed out literature review talk points are factors that are going to be focused on during the research since most of the knowledge in this proposal are secondary information and there is need for primary information form observations, word of mouth and even up to date figures on the impacts of technology on employment and the expected trends in the predictable near future. METHODOLOGY The strategy that will be employed to enable a successful research and fruitful findings and recommendations is: 1). To identify the most concerned and the most affected industry in the employment sector and use it as a case study. the case study provides for the proper scrutiny of the relationship between technology and employment by running a risk assessment test to see the worst and the best that can be brought about by the introduction of modern the modern technology to the employment industry. 2). To single out individuals that are directly affected by the installation of new technology in ones place of work and ask relevant questions in form of verbal interviews on camera, recording both on tape and writing. Whichever that will be the most suitable and affordable will be employed. be able to get their point of view on the matter, how they are affected, how they feel is the best measure to handle the situation they are in. these information can then be presented on pie charts, graphs, tables. 3). to identify stake holders in the employment industry, from legislators of labor laws, the employers, inventors and the judiciary and ask them relevant questions that they are in a position to answer correctly or give credible information on the situation. The selection of human participants to be involved in the research will be chosen form current population survey hence one person will be counted once even if one is a multiple job holder. The people that are going to be interviewed are going to be chosen with consideration of the level of knowledge on the employment in relation to technology relate and how they affect them and the industry at large. The type of information to be collected will be first hand and accurate since there will be no change in information and the analysis will be drawn directly from the findings of the research and presented in the most vivid way. In order to achieve the aims of the research there will be need for deep research on the right questions to ask, the right people to interview, the most suitable industries to study. Study past research carried out focusing n the same topic, identify the problems the earlier researcher faced, device ways to overcome them, borrow important methodology the researcher used, identify loopholes in the report and be observant to avoid a repetition. The marked report will be published and be availed to the public and relevant audiences to ensure the information is shared and the recommendations of the report be adopted by the concerned parties. PROJECT PLANNING Time is a factor that has to be given much attention in a research especially one of such vitality to ensure timely information and with ease. The first two months will involve reconnaissance, identification of people to interview, the identification of industries that are suitable for researching on and even running a risk assessment test on. Prepare questions that will be most suitable for the selected population. after that there will be need to meet with the supervisor to present the place and even make adjustments as suggested by the supervisor. The third month, the final questionnaire will be prepared and the visit to the place of research will take place. The information will be collected and recorded for the next one to two months. This time also will be the most suitable for a risk assessment test. The final two months will be enough time of analysis of the collected data, their comparison, the examination of their credibility, drawing of conclusions and the presentation of the report to the supervisor for review and after that is when the finding of the research will be presented for marking and publishing the information. Incase of the occurrence of a factor that will jeopardize the research, the risk assessment test will be used to draw conclusions and make recommendations. These will form a basis for litigation and provide an all inclusive solution to the effects of modern technology. The research aims at achieving milestones that have never been looked into before like getting the remedy for the negatives of technology from the affected people directly and being able to identify the positive impacts of technology on employment both self and industrial employment and champion for the promotion of those. CONCLUSION This project proposal has highlighted on the key points that in the historical past have been the interaction between modern technology and employment, theses are factors to be studied in the research and be able to find out the factors that have changed and in what direction and magnitude. These are useful information in society since they directly affect te economy and the GDP of a country. These factors also directly affect management as a profession, the research will surely bring about knowledge that is needed by the society in the wake of rapidly advancing technology. According to Kaufman, Parcel, and Wallace, (1988) the fluctuation induced by technological advancement may violate a simply fact of business cycle, this will be used as a hypothesis to be investigated in the research. Reference W., Kaufman, R. L., Parcel, T. L., Wallace, M. (1988). The impact of technology on work organization and work outcomes. In G. Farkas & P. England (Eds.), Industry, firms, and jobs: Sociological and economic approaches (pp. 303-328). New York: Plenum. Read More