StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...
Free

Geiger counter and its control unit - Lab Report Example

Cite this document
Summary
The Geiger relies on the ionization effect to produce the impulse. An incoming particle produces free charge in the sensitive volume of the…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER96.6% of users find it useful
Lab report Geiger counter and its control unit
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "Geiger counter and its control unit"

TOPIC: NUMBER: LAB SESSION: COURSE: DATE: AIM/OBJECTIVES:1. To determine the concept of radioactivity and the random nature of the process2. Familiarize ourselves with the exposure methods3. To the effect of ionization radiation on the health of humans4. To determine the optimum operating voltage of the Geiger Muller5. Measures the background countTHEORY: The Geiger counter is simply a detector filled with a gas, which produces some sort of impulses, which may be counted electronically.

The Geiger relies on the ionization effect to produce the impulse. An incoming particle produces free charge in the sensitive volume of the detector via the process of ionization of gas atoms. Due to the charge creation, the free charges are swept up. This current pulse causes a momentary potential difference to appear, which is detected, amplified by the amplifier and counted by the electronics of the system. The behavior of the system is affected by the magnitude of the potential difference applied between the anode and the cathode.

The behavior is illustrated inform of a curve of pulse height against applied voltage. EQUIPMENTS:1. Geiger counter and its controlling unit2. Sealed radioactive sources3. Sample holder4. Tweezers5. Lead bricks for shieldingPROCEDURE:Determination of operating voltage of a Geiger counter1. The EHT was given about 5 minutes to warm up after putting it on.2. Place a radioactive source in a stable position in the holder below the Geiger tube window and approximately 2-3cm away from the window.3. Slowly the EHT was increased until the system starts to count.

This was referred to as threshold voltage4. The record of count rate vs. EHT was taken5. The midpoint of the reading’s plateau was selected as the operating point.Determination of the slope of the Geiger plateauUsing the count rate C1 (beginning of the plateau) and the count rate C2 (almost 100 to 10 volts beyond C1). Both count rates were allocated operating voltages V1 and V2 respectively. The values of V and C were used to determine the slope of the plateau using an equation.Determination of counter Dead TimeOnce the system is set up in an optimum condition, source 1 is placed on the split holder and the number of count rates per second is measured as N1.

While the source is still in place, source 2 is placed in the holder and the equivalent count rate per second taken, as N12. Source 1 is now removed and the number of count rates per second is taken as N2. Finally, this can be used to calculate the dead time. RESULTS:EHT (+_)COUNTU(+_)COUNT RATE(+_)U800237191547917.75188402543981598708.3588027459165902839920291501709568.739603058217410109.0810003139517710199.1011003441018511159.12120060815246210615.4710803198117810379.22114035373188116210.

12The figure below shows a scatter plot graph that demonstrates the relation between EHT (volt) and the Count Rate. From the results above, the slope of the graph is obtained by: Difference between EHT/Difference between the count rateDISCUSSION:The slope and the percentage slope of the curve can also be worked out from the count rates. The period of time, during and immediately following an ionization event, when the system is insensitive to a further radiation, is referred to as the Dead time.

After placing the material in the holder and setting the voltage to a certain value, we stills didn’t record any count rate until we attained a certain value of EHT. This is because the energy is very low below that point to be able to separate them very fast. On the other hand, the behavior of the system depended on magnitude of the potential difference applied between the anode and the cathode.CONCLUSION:Radioactive material can be used to determine the operating voltage of the Geiger counter, the slope percentage of the plateau and the dead time of the counter.

This simply involves radioactive material and recording its EHT and counts rate at a certain amount of time.ASSIGNMENT:What produces the background count measures?The count measure occurs due to the radiation released and emitted by the material in the holder. When a specimen or material is in exited state, it means that it has absorbed radiation of a quantized amount. When the sources are cleared off the bench, the exited specimen will emit radiation to return to the ground level Effects if all results of background were collectedCollecting all the values will add errors to the results because the atom may undergo other reaction in the atmosphere which may result in absorption or emission of a radiation.

Why is the dead time correction significant at high count rate but not at low count rate?This is because dead time occurs at very high ionization and high counts but not at low counts.Can a Geiger counter be used to determine the energy of the x-ray photons?Yes. At the x-ray region, there is a characteristic of high energy and low wavelength. The energy is used to change the vibration of molecules and determine their identity. A Geiger counter is characterized by high energy in the region of x-ray.

BibliographyCurtain University of Technology Laboratory Manual: Medical Physics 161(26-31)

Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“Lab report Geiger counter and its control unit Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words”, n.d.)
Lab report Geiger counter and its control unit Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words. Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/physics/1590981-lab-report-geiger-counter-and-its-control-unit
(Lab Report Geiger Counter and Its Control Unit Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 Words)
Lab Report Geiger Counter and Its Control Unit Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 Words. https://studentshare.org/physics/1590981-lab-report-geiger-counter-and-its-control-unit.
“Lab Report Geiger Counter and Its Control Unit Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 Words”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/physics/1590981-lab-report-geiger-counter-and-its-control-unit.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Lab report Geiger counter and its control unit

Lab report (exercise physiology unit)

A test such as the blood lactate measurement is used by sport scientists, coaches and athletes to accurately Laboratory Report (Exercise Physiology unit) Our body is made up of water, fat, protein, carbohydrate and various vitamins and minerals.... At rest and low exercise intensities, lactic acid's rate of removal matches its rate of formation, resulting in a stable blood lactate concentration....
2 Pages (500 words) Lab Report

Analysis of Density Lab

Density of solid or liquid materials is an intensive property of matter that is why it does not depend on the quantity of material in reference to being mass per unit volume.... Density lab is conducted for the purpose of determining densities of different substances after which the experimental data collected are compared to the densities of these substances found in literature.... 4, Density lab Conclusion Data Interpretation Density lab is conducted for the purpose of determining densities of different substances after which the experimental data collected are compared to the densities of these substances found in literature....
1 Pages (250 words) Lab Report

Estimiting the half - value layer thikness

The suitable material to use depends on the type of radiation and its energy.... They possess frequency that are relatively expensive than Geiger counters and can be utilized to directly quantify the underlying magnitude… Shielding as control method is mainly utilized in reducing the external radiation hazard.... Shielding as control method is mainly utilized in reducing the external radiation hazard.... Number of shielding Wood AAluminum ACS-1373A30Sr-903AA The equation A= A0e(-0692h/H) = WoodAluminium CS-13751Sr-90Conclusion Based on the value from the slope of the natural log plot, the thickness of aluminium and wood in regard to reduction of the gamma beam intensity from the radioactive Cs-137 source to the corresponding its initial intensity....
2 Pages (500 words) Lab Report

Modulus of Elasticity

The tensile strength refers to the level of stress that a material fractures (Lees, 2011).... For this reason, tensile strength is also called fracture stress.... A material is said to be brittle if it fractures by… On the other hand, yield stress is the point at which a material permanently deforms (Lees, 2011)....
4 Pages (1000 words) Lab Report

Nuclear Chemister: Radioactivitiy

The same Chemistry lab report 14 May Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactivity Objective The aim of this experiment was to understand the properties of radioactivity including the difference between alpha, beta and gamma radiations.... The readings of the Gieger counter were then taken after one minute.... rocedure The Gieger counter was turned on about five minutes before the experiment began.... The readings of the Gieger counter were then taken after one minute....
2 Pages (500 words) Lab Report

Estimating the Half Layer Value for Aluminum and Wood

Although the half value of different materials was one of the important parameters for the Quality assurance and Quality control, a constant monitoring had not been performed because of measurement using the process of ionization chamber.... ) Sr – 90 (strontium)4) Cs – 137 (cesium)5) Caliper6) geiger mutter meterExperimental Setup inert gas Ionization chamberMethodology1) Data were collected using geiger meter....
2 Pages (500 words) Lab Report

Design of Delay Unit

In the paper “Design of Delay unit” the author is trying to explore the property of 555 chip through experiments; to design and test a Voltage Controlled Oscillator; to build a 555- based delay unit; to design a trigger circuit; to strengthen my practical skills in electrical design components.... This is because its output frequency can be varied by varying the applied input voltage....
6 Pages (1500 words) Lab Report

Half Layer Value of Wood and Aluminum Industrial Hygiene

3) Place the crucible below the Geiger-Mueller counter and ensure that the counter is in counting mode.... Examples of radiations include: radio waves, heat waves, and infrared, The paper “Half Layer Value of Wood and Aluminum Industrial Hygiene" is a forceful variant of a lab report on physics.... Ionization radiation can be basically defined as an activity whereby the number of nucleus undergoing disintegration in a given quantity of material per unit of time....
2 Pages (500 words) Lab Report
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us