Newtons Law of Cooling in Thermodynamics - Coursework Example

NЕWTОN’S LАW ОF СООLING IN THЕRMОDYNАMIСS Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Introduction The report looks extensively into the real life application of the Newton’s law of cooling thermodynamics. The newton’s law of cooling explains that its rate of cooling explains the difference in the temperature that exists in an object and the environs of the object. When normally an ice cube put in a hot drink to make it cool faster. What that happens is that the heat will move from the hot drink to the ice cube and not the coolness of the ice cube to the hot drink. This moving of heat will result in having an average temperature between the ice cube and the hot drink. More importantly is that the water level in the ice cube will be less than that of the hot drink. The hot drink molecules will not merge with the ice cube but what will, in fact, happen during the transfer of heat from the hot drink to the ice cube the molecules of the hot drink will expand some of the kinetic energy losing heat during the process. There are three laws of thermodynamics. These two laws examine the relationship that exists between energy and heat. The first law of thermodynamics is clearly about the conservation of heat. It explains to us that energy can change form, but the amount of energy usually remains the same. A good example is when we use a pan or an oven to heat water or food; we have transformed the electrical energy into thermal energy. The second law of thermodynamics was discovered by a German physicist Rudolph Julius Emmanuel between 1822 and 1888. The law states that heat cannot pass from itself from a colder place to a hotter place. He later redefined it and it that heat in natural flows from a high temperature to a low temperature. If we have hot food and we place an ice cube on the food to cool it, the food will not cool because the coolness is moving from the ice cube to the food but because the food will melt the ice cube till the food and the ice cube get to a normal condition. From this, we get to understand that the heat moves from the food to the ice cube which cools it down. The third law of thermodynamics discovered by a German chemist called Hermann Walter. This law states that at the temperature of zero, entropy will also be zero. With this, Hermann Walter concluded that it is very difficult to reach the absolute zero. The absolute zero is the point at which the molecules motion stop at once. The absolute zero is the temperature at which the motion of the atom is zero (Suplee, 1996). Mathematical application of Newton’s law of cooling thermodynamics Mathematically the newton’s law of cooling can be represented as: This law can also represent as follows: We have two solutions to this; one is when the temperature of an object is greater than the temperature of its surrounding then T will be made the subject as follows, The second situation is when the temperature of an object is less than the temperature of its surroundings then T will be made the subject as follows:                   Real Life situation application of Newton’s law of thermodynamics The Refrigerator The diagram of a refrigerator indicating on how it works using Newton’s law from (Suplee, 1996). Air conditioner A diagram of air conditioner and how it uses Newton’s law from (Suplee, 1996) In real life situations, the calculations are used to determine the difference in temperature that exists in a given substance and the amount of heat that will be required to ensure that the required heat balanced in both the substances. Mathematics remains an important tool in newton’s making the reason that they came with the above calculations. When you look at the machines used in cooling, you will always find some mathematical calculations that are done to indicate the time, and the balance required in ensuring that the required temperature in a substance obtained. All these show the how cooling remains to be a mathematical application. There are machines in that have frequently been used in the real life situation where the low of Newton can directly be applied. These are the refrigerators and the air conditioners. When one looks closely at how to use the refrigerator, we realize that it transfers heat from its inner parts to the outside. That means it takes heat from food stored in it and transfers the heat to the outside. The reason as to why the back of the generator is usually hot while the inside is cold. The inner part of the refrigerator made in such a manner that it has evaporator. It is the evaporator that collects the heat from the food. Since the evaporator has gasses that are refrigerants like Ammonia and others, it condenses the vapor and channels to parts that will direct it to the areas where they will be released. The same happens with the air conditioners where the produced heat in the room is taken in by the air conditioner, and the heat passed to the outside while others cool air passed into the room. The mechanism of cooling in the room is almost similar to that happens in the refrigerator (Moran, 2001). The above processes show that cooling machines do comply with the newton’s law. They indicate that the principles and the laws conducted in this law are fully observed without any problem. The cooling takes place through the movement of heat from one point to the other. The movement of heat happens in different forms ranging from convection, conduction, and radiation. All these are ways through which heat moves from one place to the other without experiencing difficulties. Understanding of the concept in this law requires one to know the forms mentioned above of movement from one point to the other. To start with conduction is a method through which heat travels in substances that are solid in nature. Conduction best happens to those substances/ surfaces that are good conductors of heat. Heat moves from one molecule to the other till it reaches the last molecule. The continuous movement of heat will result in the endpoint being hotter same as the beginning point. On the other hand, we have convection which is the movement of heat from one point to the other through substances that are liquids. When a liquid is heated, then it replaces the cold that was in the liquid and it heats up. Also in the fluid substances, heat travels through molecules from one point to the other. With the rise of temperature in fluids, convection occurs naturally. Continuous heat and one that is higher will make the fluid converted to vapor form. Lastly, we have radiation which is the heat that travels through the vacuum. In fact the uses radiation as a form through which heat travels to the earth. Radiations of the sun can heat the skin if it is strong enough till you feel the effect (Beiser, 1991). Other Areas where the law can be applied Heat transfer in the body of human beings is very necessary as it makes human beings have the required amount of heat in their bodies. Also, through cooling, we can preserve our foods for long usage. This shows how important this concept of heat can turn out to be in our daily lives. To ensure that each and every person understands this importance, it is good that they understand this law knows how the machines are made and the mechanisms used in ensuring that the required temperature in this machines is got. The concept of Newton’s law plays an important role in one’s person something that makes every person easily understand what take place. Conclusion  Heat transfer is a broad topic used in many branches of engineering. For example, mechanical engineers who design engines—from steam locomotives to modern internal combustion engines—rely on a detailed understanding of how heat moves through all types of matter. Industrial engineers use heat transfer concepts to design climate control systems for manufacturing facilities, such as foundries or refrigerated food production facilities, which integrate temperature-sensitive human workers with extreme temperature processes. Moreover, heat transfer is so critical to biological engineering that it has spawned the specialty of "bioheat" transfer, which is the study of the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system as well as inherently heated treatments such as cryo-surgery and laser-based therapies (Paul, 2002). The laws of thermodynamics dictate energy behavior, for example, how and why heat, which is a form of energy, transfers between different objects. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy and matter. In essence, energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can, however, be transformed from one form to another. The second law states that isolated systems gravitate towards thermodynamic equilibrium, also known as a state of maximum entropy, or disorder; it also states that heat energy will flow from an area of low temperature to an area of high temperature. These laws are regularly observed every day. Reference Beiser, Arthur, 1991. Physics, 5th ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Fleisher, Paul, 2002. Matter and Energy: Principles of Matter and Thermodynamics. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications. Moran, Jeffrey B, 2001. How Do We Know the Laws of Thermodynamics? New York: Rosen Publishing Group. Santrey, Laurence. Heat. Illustrated by Lloyd Birmingham. Mahwah, N.J.: Troll Associates, 1985. Suplee, Curt. Everyday Science Explained. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1996. Read More

Mathematical application of Newton’s law of cooling thermodynamics Mathematically the newton’s law of cooling can be represented as: This law can also represent as follows: We have two solutions to this; one is when the temperature of an object is greater than the temperature of its surrounding then T will be made the subject as follows, The second situation is when the temperature of an object is less than the temperature of its surroundings then T will be made the subject as follows:                   Real Life situation application of Newton’s law of thermodynamics The Refrigerator The diagram of a refrigerator indicating on how it works using Newton’s law from (Suplee, 1996).

Air conditioner A diagram of air conditioner and how it uses Newton’s law from (Suplee, 1996) In real life situations, the calculations are used to determine the difference in temperature that exists in a given substance and the amount of heat that will be required to ensure that the required heat balanced in both the substances. Mathematics remains an important tool in newton’s making the reason that they came with the above calculations. When you look at the machines used in cooling, you will always find some mathematical calculations that are done to indicate the time, and the balance required in ensuring that the required temperature in a substance obtained.

All these show the how cooling remains to be a mathematical application. There are machines in that have frequently been used in the real life situation where the low of Newton can directly be applied. These are the refrigerators and the air conditioners. When one looks closely at how to use the refrigerator, we realize that it transfers heat from its inner parts to the outside. That means it takes heat from food stored in it and transfers the heat to the outside. The reason as to why the back of the generator is usually hot while the inside is cold.

The inner part of the refrigerator made in such a manner that it has evaporator. It is the evaporator that collects the heat from the food. Since the evaporator has gasses that are refrigerants like Ammonia and others, it condenses the vapor and channels to parts that will direct it to the areas where they will be released. The same happens with the air conditioners where the produced heat in the room is taken in by the air conditioner, and the heat passed to the outside while others cool air passed into the room.

The mechanism of cooling in the room is almost similar to that happens in the refrigerator (Moran, 2001). The above processes show that cooling machines do comply with the newton’s law. They indicate that the principles and the laws conducted in this law are fully observed without any problem. The cooling takes place through the movement of heat from one point to the other. The movement of heat happens in different forms ranging from convection, conduction, and radiation. All these are ways through which heat moves from one place to the other without experiencing difficulties.

Understanding of the concept in this law requires one to know the forms mentioned above of movement from one point to the other. To start with conduction is a method through which heat travels in substances that are solid in nature. Conduction best happens to those substances/ surfaces that are good conductors of heat. Heat moves from one molecule to the other till it reaches the last molecule. The continuous movement of heat will result in the endpoint being hotter same as the beginning point.

On the other hand, we have convection which is the movement of heat from one point to the other through substances that are liquids. When a liquid is heated, then it replaces the cold that was in the liquid and it heats up. Also in the fluid substances, heat travels through molecules from one point to the other. With the rise of temperature in fluids, convection occurs naturally. Continuous heat and one that is higher will make the fluid converted to vapor form.

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