Plan Erosion & Sediment Control Measures - Example

PLAN EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES PLAN EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES Insert name: Insert course code: Instructor’s name: November 23, 2010. Introduction In an attempt to contain the environmental predicaments including soil erosion issues as well as subsequently sedimentation of waterways, several governments have introduced specific legislation to govern and control the land development, though this may vary from one country to another. A practical example is the one that the Malaysian federal Government had introduced to enable local authorities to exert greater control over the layout as well as the management of construction sites (The Environmental Quality Act 1974). These acts provide a common legal basis for coordinating all activities relating to environmental control. These acts have several activities such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The main aim of an EIA is to make sure that full consideration is given to its potential effects so that where possible, these can be mitigated by careful design, construction as well as operation. The government should be committed to environmental protection since the onset of the construction activities is crucial to a nation’s development, and the beneficiaries of such infrastructural projects are the nation’s citizens. Thus by adhering to the guidelines and other related statutory compliance requirements with respect to erosion and sediment control in tropical regions, planners and project proponents can manage to identify potential erosion and sedimentation risk areas in their construction sites, particularly in hill-slope areas where erosion risk is greater. Environmental impacts touching on key issues of soil erosion and sedimentation are results of actions and activities, associated with planning, construction, operations as well as the management of the construction activities. THE TEMPLATE Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Within the ISO 14000 Series, there are provisions for the design of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which, together with other measures comprises of provisions for the management of soil erosion and sedimentation in the course of site clearing and earthworks. The components pertaining to erosion and sedimentation can be separated out to form an Erosion and Sediment control Plan (ESCP), which particular objective is to control erosion and siltation during the stages from land clearing to project completion. Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) The Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) is the main document that will be submitted to the Department of Environment (DOE) for the control of erosion and sedimentation, forming a component of a section in an EIA, outlining measures designed to mitigate environmental impacts. An ESCP will provide momentary procedures that can be adopted in the expansion stage as well as for mitigation procedures that will stay put in place once expansion is finished. A successful ESCP aims at preventing controllable attrition as well as minimizing the unfavorable consequences of residue transfer from on-site to off-site areas (Huat, Sew and Ali, 2004 p. 195). In general, an ESCP for a development project will provide: Clear interpretation of the development’s impact on the environment, which in turn will improve the quality of evaluation and interpretation by the government authorities who are responsible for commenting, approving and monitoring the project; Clear interpretation of proposed action erosion and sedimentation control measures, and hence will improve the quality of tender pricing; A saving of time and costs since both the developer and approving authority will agree on the implementation of the plan; Will improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the control techniques due to provision of clear interpretation of proposed erosion and sediment control measures by the project proponent. PLAN 1 Plan Development The attrition and residue management arrangement for this scheme has been developed according to the step-by-step procedure and these steps are discussed below. Furthermore the map for the site is provided. Step 1: Data Collection The topographic information used was gotten by aerial survey and shown on the map below at a scale of 1 in. rep 200 ft, with 2 ft contours. As of an on-site examination, as indicated on the topographic diagram, the location has three breaking points, each drained by a distinct drainage pattern. This place has grades that vary from a 2% to a 5% rank. Each soil type is depicted by a symbol. The first two numbers show the name of the soil; the letter B, C, or D shows the extent of gradient, from gently sloping to moderately steep. The last numeral, 2 or 3, shows whether the soil is presently in a weather-beaten or harshly eroded state. An on-site examination was completed to establish the accessible plant life. Tree lines are designated on the top of the diagram together with the kind of lawn wrap on the place. The ground utilization of the neighboring properties is shown on each side of the planned expansion tract (Pitt, Clark and Lake 73). Step 2: Data Analysis In terms of topography, the site has a series of ridges along with valleys running from west to east. The sections with the steep (10% to 20%) slopes ought to be avoided as much as possible. The three major drainage areas shown as areas I, II, and III on the map have approximately 35 acres, 20 acres and 28 acres respectively. The slope gradients have been grouped into three general ranges of soil erodibility: 0-2% - low erosion hazard potential 2-5% - moderate erosion hazard potential Over 5% - high erosion hazard potential Longer inclination lengths further augment the wearing down risk. Therefore enormous care ought to be implemented to manage any erosion that may occur during construction. As a common regulation, the wearing-down risk will turn out to be serious if slope lengths go beyond these joint values: 0-2% - 300 feet, 2-5% - 150 feet and over 5% - 75 feet. Soil properties like natural drainage, depth to bedrock, depth to seasonal water table, permeability, texture as well as erodibility should be considered when making decisions on land development. Furthermore, the flood hazard associated with soils should be determined based on the relationship between soils and flood. The map should show all this information (Pitt, Clark and Lake 74). Ground cover conditions have been noted, and the growth that should be preserved has been identified in the field as well as on the development plan. The vegetation preserved will help in curbing soil erosion. The trees and vegetation preserved will protect the soil and also the beauty of the site after the construction. Where the existing vegetation cannot be saved, staging construction, temporary mulching or vegetation will be put into consideration. Staging construction entails stabilizing one part of the site before disturbing another. Thus the whole site is not disturbed at once, hence reducing the time that the land is left bare. Momentary mulching on the other hand engages sowing or mulching sections which would or else be left naked for lengthy periods of time, thus decreasing the duration that the land is left bare as well as erosion. The adjacent areas downstream will be protected from huge flows of sediment during construction. The stream force across the place will be supervised to preserve residue on place in addition to preventing down-stream attrition. Adequate erosion and sediment control measures will considered prior to the initiation of construction. The natural drainage patterns (known as swales, depressions, and natural watercourses), should be identified so as to plan around critical areas where water will concentrate. If it is achievable, natural drainage methods ought to be used to transport overflow over and off the place to evade the cost as well as troubles of building a synthetic drainage structure. Care will be taken to ensure that augmented runoff from the site will not erode or flood the existing natural drainage system, by locating possible sites for storm-water detention(Pitt, Clark and Lake 75). Step 3: Site Plan Development The diagram above was used to establish the most appropriate regions for expansion as well as the mainly serious regions from an erosion management point of view. Erosion potential as a factor will be considered in locating several features of the plan. The buildings, roads, as well as parking lots will be located and landscaping plans will be developed so as to exploit the strengths and overcome the restrictions of the site. The development of the site will be tailored to existing site conditions so as to avoid unnecessary land disturbance, while reducing the erosion hazards and development costs. Building actions will be restricted to the least serious regions. This is because any land interruption in the seriously erodible areas will require the setting up of more expensive erosion and sediment control measures. Buildings will be clustered together to reduce the amount of disturbed area, as well as concentrating utility lines and connections in one area while leaving more open natural space. The cluster concept also reduces runoff and development expenses. The impervious areas will be minimized by reducing the paved areas like parking rots and roads. This increases the land that is kept in vegetative cover, thus increasing the amount of water that infiltrate and hence reducing runoff and erosion. This will be done by use of special pavements which will allow water to infiltrate, or else we will used cellular block that have soil and vegetation components. Furthermore, the natural drainage system will be utilized so as to minimize the potential of downstream damages due to increased runoff, thus making compliance with storm-water management criteria much easier (Pitt, Clark and Lake 75). Expansion is mainly restricted to Drainage regions I and II. There will be no potential for damage to neighboring areas on the southern border of the site, and the flow intensity changes will be reduced. Care will be taken to decrease the speed and amount of overflow during and instantaneously after a rain incident. Step 4: Preparation for Erosion and Sediment Control Plan The limits of grading are outlined on the site plan and thus the areas requiring erosion and sediment control practices will be determined. Since the construction will take place in two separate drainage areas, the erosion and sediment control plans will be considered for each drainage area as follows: Drainage Area I Land interruption in this section comprises of ranking entrance infrastructure, a parking region, tennis courtyard as well as a baseball field. The aim is to prevent sediment from entering the natural drainage system leading to Courthouse Creek. Drainage Area II The main component of the building will take place in this place. This will entail grading for three buildings, three parking lots and access roads, as well as the future buildings and parking. A storm sewer system is as well planned to be constructed along the swale. It is probable that a substantial volume of residue and an augmented intensity of overflow will go into the drainage pattern for the period of construction. The goal will be to reduce the speed of flow and minimize erosion by using vegetative controls and management methods to trap sediment before it enters the creek (Randolph 359). Step 5: The Plan In this section, all the above information will be consolidated to develop a specific attrition and residue arrangement for the scheme. Site description Scope of work The work activities will include clearance and grubbing, grading, highway digging as well as embankment, building rainstorm sewers, building pavement with asphalt concrete, building short-term BMPs, building lasting storm-water confinement along with penetration ponds, expanding one overpass, adding up two turn narrow roads, building curb and sewer, site planters, footways, building of a bus pullout, fencing, roadway markings, lighting, signalization, as well as traffic control. Checklist for Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (narrative) ITEM DESCRIPTION Project Description The project involves the development of a new road immediately north of the bridge along the campus assess road. The early phases of the scheme entail considerable earthworks. Existing site conditions The site is slightly sloping as shown by the contour lines. The land is covered by thick vegetation and grass. There is a downstream adjacent to the site where development will take place. The land disturbance in the site will entail grading of access roads, three buildings, three parking lots, and future buildings and parking Adjacent Areas The adjacent area has parking lots, a river, bridges, and some buildings. The paths and drives adjacent to the place will as well be influenced by the development. Land disturbance in this area consists of grading access roads, a parking area, tennis courts and a Baseball field. Soils The soil type ranges as one move from one point to another. The depth of the top soil is high towards the north side of the site and shallow on the southern side. The structure of the soil is rough and this may pose some limitations. Critical areas There will be disruption of the traffic as they will not be allowed to entrance infrastructure as well as regions to be graded. Also, traffic will not be allowed to cross the drainage swales in addition to watercourses, apart from where needed. PLAN II Final contours After the construction there will be a lot of changes in the contour lines and the map below depicts the final contour lines after the development. The map also gives the site description. Erosion and sediment control measures Type Description (control measure) Structural control of erosion and runoff as well as sediment. In area I, a structure of momentary distraction arrangements as well as residue traps underneath the graded regions will be utilized to entrap and sieve deposit prior to its entrance to the drainage system. A provisional formation of entry will permit mud-spattered exhausts to be cleaned before entering the main road. The possible exists for attrition at the openings of drainage channels. Thus, rip-rap is designed at the channels to dispel power and avoid attrition. In area II, Drainage region II is totally drained by a solitary drainage system. A deposit basin built across the drainage system underneath all edifices is the most efficient technique to eliminate deposit from overflow prior to its entrance to the stream. Deposit-loaded water will be sieved before going into the tempest drain scheme in the process of edifice. The kind of creek safeguard being employed ought to be plainly recognized. A huddle of trees as well as additional flora ought to be safeguarded from deposit deposition in the process of edifice. A deposit barrier will offer the needed safety (Russ 185). Vegetative control Topsoil will be exposed, accumulated, and spread afterward. Stockpiles ought to be situated in a protected region and confined by seeding along with mulching. Provisional seeding will be completed on graded regions where additional job will be belated by three weeks. Lasting seeding will be put into place in agreement with the general countryside arrangement for the place. Management of the site Edifice traffic will be restricted to entrance infrastructure as well as regions to be graded. All travel will be forbidden from crossing drainage swales and watercourses, apart from where needed. The deposit basin, distraction compositions, as well as deposit traps will be established as a foremost step in grading. Task for putting into practice the plan ought to be shifted to the edifice supervisor. The supervisor is supposed to ensure that all employees are conscious of the requirements of the arrangement. All attrition and deposit management procedures ought to be confirmed constantly and after every noteworthy rainstorm to establish and restore damages and carry out protection procedures. RISK ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST AND THE CONTROL MEASURES – MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Other measures for erosion and sediment control Vegetative measures Coastal dune stabilization Planting vegetation on detruded dunes and fencing may be needed to build dunes or to reinforce to be planted. Dune lines should be maintained to provide wind and water protection. Damaged areas should be repaired. Disturbed area stabilization by mulching This is a temporary measure offering cover for few months when vegetative measures are impractical. It is done by anchoring straw or hay to the soil by pressing with vertical disk harrow. Disturbed area stabilization by temporary seeding. A temporary measure offering vegetative cover for six months or less to disturbed areas prior to finding permanent vegetation installation. Disturbed area stabilization by permanent vegetation. A long lasting measure offering final vegetative cover on exposed areas. Vegetation can be trees, shrubs, vines, ground cover, grasses or legumes. Disturbed area stabilization by sodding. It is a long lasting measure providing immediate vegetative cover by sods on critically eroded areas or areas that are highly susceptible to erosion. Dust control Measures designed to control the surface and air movement of dust from roads and disturbed sites to protect public and environmental health safety welfare. This is done by covering surfaces with crushed stones, applying chlorides, applying spry on adhesives to mineral soils, installing wind barriers or temporary irrigating surfaces (Hopper 426). Erosion blankets to be installed Maintenance of sediment control measures It is important to carry out maintenance activities like periodic removal of trapped sediment so that sediment control systems may remain effective. The accumulation of sediment in a basin reduces the volume of runoff detained and the settlement time thus reducing the effectiveness of the system. It is also important to maintain silt barriers and filters against clogging and excessive sediment buildup. Sediment removal periods should be indicated in the maintenance plan, and should address the suitable disposal methods in addition to outlining procedures for the final removal of the sediment control device (Strom, Nathan and Woland 206). Appendix A: TESC Monitoring and maintenance check-sheets Fill out the appropriate portions of this form as work progresses. Duplicate more copies where necessary. Maintain all filled copies of onsite TESC Plan. Any TESC changes must be indicated on the TESC map sheets. Project Name: _________________________________________ Prior to Earth Work BMPs are set before commencement of construction (signature)________________________________ Date: _____________ During Earth Work Date Name BMP & Location Repairs/Modifications Needed Comments/Sampling Results Appendix B: TESC bmp CONSTRUCTION CHANGE TRACKING FORM The form should be filled as work progresses. Duplicate more copies where necessary. . Maintain all filled copies of onsite TESC Plan. Any TESC changes must be indicated on the TESC map sheets. Project Name: _________________________________________ Alteration Number Alteration Date Name of individual Making BMP adjustments CSESC Certification cessation Date Explanation of TESC Plan Sheet alteration With Drawing Number References: Hopper Leonard J. Landscape architectural graphic standards. NJ, John Wiley and Sons, 2007. November 22, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=4Toh06XEqMoC&pg=PA430&dq=Plan+Erosion+%26+Sediment+Control+Measures&as_brr=3&client=firefoxa&cd=3#v=onepage&q=Plan%20Erosion%20%26%20Sediment%20Control%20Measures&f=false Huat Bujang B.K., Sew See Gew, and Ali Faisal H. Tropical Residual Soils Engineering. NY, Taylor & Francis. 2004. November 22, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=CdfMiaATGTQC&pg=PA195&dq=Plan+Erosion+%26+Sediment+Control+Measures&as_brr=3&client=firefoxa&cd=4#v=onepage&q=Plan%20Erosion%20%26%20Sediment%20Control%20Measures&f=false Pitt Robert, Clark Shirley, and Lake Donald W. Construction site erosion and sediment controls: planning, design and performance. Pennsylvania, DEStech Publications, Inc, 2007. November 23, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=oZW1kDXcTloC&pg=PA72&dq=Plan+Erosion+%26+Sediment+Control+Measures&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Plan%20Erosion%20%26%20Sediment%20Control%20Measures&f=false Randolph John. Environmental Land Use Planning and Management. Island Press, 2003. November 22, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=U1gLcoLxFswC&pg=PA359&dq=Plan+Erosion+%26+Sediment+Control+Measures&lr=&as_brr=3&client=firefoxa&cd=12#v=onepage&q=Plan%20Erosion%20%26%20Sediment%20Control%20Measures&f=false Russ Thomas H. Redeveloping brown fields: landscape architects, planners, developers, Volume 1. NY, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2000. November 22, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=kl4JeyxH3YC&pg=PA185&dq=Plan+Erosion+%26+Sediment+Control+Measures&as_brr=3&client=firefoxa&cd=10#v=onepage&q=Plan%20Erosion%20%26%20Sediment%20Control%20Measures&f=false Strom Steven, Nathan Kurt, and Woland Jake. Site Engineering for Landscape Architects. NJ, John Wiley and Sons, 2009. November 22, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=mKjCPPef7jYC&pg=PA199&dq=Plan+Erosion+%26+Sediment+Control+Measures&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Plan%20Erosion%20%26%20Sediment%20Control%20Measures&f=false Read More