Psychology Essays

The thought behind Rosenthal and Jacobson (1966), published in the 19th volume of Psychological Reports, was that this determinacy of expectations would occur for young children in the classroom. Robert Rosenthal, who experimented at Harvard University along with noted behaviorist psychologist B.F. Skinner demonstrates his behaviorist tendencies in this article.

Getting accustomed to and adapting the change have strained my energy. This book mainly helped me confront my stress levels and understand the reasons behind them. Based on my behavioral pattern, I totaled a score of 31, i.e., I have a type B personality. My mediocrity in terms of being less competitive and aggressive put me into this category.

There are various treatment recommended for treating depression, this include, psychotropic medication, cognitive behavior therapy and psychoanalysis.

Everything including history, learning, teaching, and training is different but still, it remains a part of psychology. Not to forget, one cannot deny the importance of sport psychology. Sports and leisure have their toll on industries in the western and eastern world. Even Media today is dominated by sports.

Each one of us has probably felt being alienated or outcast at one point or another and felt that moment when we might have been treated differently or when we felt uncomfortable because we felt different from everybody else. Discrimination due to prejudice and stereotyping is one of the many issues that we must face in a culturally and socially diverse world.

In the later part of the 19th century, numerous psychology laboratories have set up operations in different countries such as the United States and Germany. As psychology experiments were conducted, with the systematic observation of human behavior, it gradually emerged as the science.

Teenage Homelessness is really a serious issue that affects a large number of people every year. It’s an issue that the Government is devoted to tackling better every year. Most of us have to understand the seriousness and magnitude of the issue and the effect of homelessness among teens. It's influencing society in several stages.

Human being gather information through their sensory organs but perception gives meaning to this information. Perception cannot be similar for two different people. For instance, two individuals perceive a similar situation but they give different meanings to it because they perceive it differently.

A child whose parent is deployed faces many hurdles in their everyday life. These hurdles include frequent relocation, stress transference from the parent at home, multiple deployments, and aggravation of pre-existing conditions. Support is essential in order for these children to grow up to become well-adjusted adults.

The use of Behaviourism to manipulate and control people in mass societies shows how destructive the effects of reducing a human being to a machine or animal can be because it denies the higher morality, ethics, creativity, and awareness that is required to make critical decisions in the face of historical problems like war and the Holocaust.

The adult romantic relationship was based on many of the same types of intimacy that defined the parent-sibling relationship, and that the manner in which infants or children expressed their personalities in Ainsworth’s “strange experiment” could be seen as a deeper characteristic or trait of the person in adult relationships as well.

The biosocial perspective views human development and obstacles in terms of the relation between biologically determined personality traits and environmental stimulus. The cognitive perspective contends that assumed mental perspectives that form a malleable paradigm on existence characterize human existence.

The disorder can be found in at least 17% of the prison population with 38% of those with the disorder having substance abuse problems. According to the National Education Alliance Borderline Personality Disorder (2011), “Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness that centers on the inability to manage emotions effectively.

There is a likelihood that clients will vacillate between the stages. Individuals in the action stage may move back to the pre-contemplation phase upon encountering setbacks (as cited in Lewis, 2005). Researchers stress that an individual is classified into a single-stage simultaneously; thus, the stages are considered mutually exclusive.

The case study of Kara provides insight into how the disease affects an individual. With the use of refocused energies, the individual can release some of the pressure that has placed them in a situation to control their eating. Few recourses involve medications that are effective in working with the disorder.

      The realization that hot flashes and other symptoms are indeed controllable during menopause, can make women in the west conscious of the fact that, whether it is alterations in diet, stress management, hormonal balance or exercise, they do possess the considerable measure of control over their own menopause.

 Substance dependence has an old and complex relationship with human civilization, with a wide variety of intoxicants, narcotics and other plant products introduced and experimented for therapeutic, ritualistic and recreational purposes by different cultures.  

It is not uncommon to read in medical journals, for instance, how stress is linked to negative mood states, poor employee performance, and the ability to cope and function within personal relationships. The number of effects that demonstrate how stress leads to several mental disorders is diverse and numerous. This paper will explore how occupational stress affects mental health.

 Teen pregnancy is a big social problem all over the world and the United States is also not an exception. Even though all the ethnic groups in America are vulnerable to this problem, Latina community seems to be the most vulnerable community to this problem. 

This indicates that the neurons involved in the individual's eye movement are not affected much by the eye movement; the individual's visual response is not significantly inhibited. Their anti-saccade task performance is stable, and there are no ADHD symptoms. The fourth participant had very different results from the other three participants.

Research in child behaviour where change is concerned is lacking, and the element of the needs of a special needs child for routine and established stability in the family environment creates a rich environment for understanding how change impacts the behavioural reactions of children during family status shifts.

For example, while some scholars attribute practical problem solving skills, verbal ability and social competence as measures of intelligence, others include adaptability to new problems and situations, capacity for knowledge and creativity as key indicators.

Schachter in 1968 published to study the effect of the weight of an individual and the extent to which they are hungry on the amount of food eaten by them. Participants were divided into two groups those in group one conducted the test on a full stomach, while those in the other did so on an empty stomach.

Richard Nisbett’s book The Geography of Thought covers several important issues that contrast the thinking of the East versus the thinking of the West, highlighted by the following important facts: the difference between the way people work and raise their children; the difference between the way that people react to various stimuli.

It is almost common knowledge that stress, either constant or quick, can induce risky body and mind disorders. Immediate disorders include nervousness, anxiety, tension, dizzy spells, and sleeplessness. Generally, stress leads to a state of over-activated (ANS) autonomic nervous system as the body tries to react to a perceived state of danger.

A child’s psychological development is related to his age in years and the type of behavior at every age serves as a guide/ signal to healthy development. The first interaction that an infant comes across is with the parents and family. Later on, their psychological development is affected at every age as the spectrum of social interactions widens.

The author explains that the victim’s family based their request their request on their religious culture stating that taking a man’s life should not be an alternative, even when a guilty verdict had been made by the Jury. The article shows a real-life situation. The readers of the New York article would surely tremble in fear.

Despite both behaviorist and cognitive psychology has helped in understanding the human mind, cognitive psychology seems to be the best. This is mainly due to the fact that it employs the use of scientific tools in the study of mental processes such as how human beings think, remember, perceive, learn, reason, and understand.

Human behaviors tend to be influenced by other people and in various social situations. In many cases, people are not aware of issues that contribute to a change in their behavior and emotions while in certain places. This is because human interaction entails various actions that occur when two or a number of human beings interact with one another.

The study of gerontology has flourished for the past few decades. Scholars have decided to study what is typical and not typical about aging. These myths result to negative stereotypes for the ageing people. Moreover, they lead to discrimination against the older people and ageism.

The term compliance gets used to denote a form of dominance, power, hierarchy, or rights over a given situation. Compliance deals with behavior transformation. It refers to the process of trying to change behavior intentionally (Larson, 2009). Compliance gets closely related to persuasion. Compliance infers getting people to do things a person wants.

Many of the children are older now and only three children are below the age of 18. Mary’s 15 year old daughter and 13 year old son live with George and Mary, while the other children live with George’s ex-wife. A big challenge for George and Mary is that George’s ex-wife hates Mary though George and she were divorced when he met Mary.

Parole Officer as a Dream Career Introduction Before aspiring to venture in any career, it is necessary for individuals to evaluate and assess the requirements of the career, their qualifications and preferences, and where they want to go in the future. Firstly, it is vital to assess core qualities and personality traits to decide the path to follow in career development.

Individuals will then apply such knowledge when faced with complex issues of decision-making. Individuals will have the independence and the strength to do the right thing, even though it might not be the most convenient (Markus& Kitayama, 1991). In children, morality is shaped by various factors, such as their interpersonal experiences they obtain from interacting with their families, peers and other adults.

The socialization process, imbibes the notion of right and wrong, with regard to our actions, and defines individuals by assigning them gender roles. These roles are assigned to us since birth, and throughout our lives, the socialization process, continues to teach us the difference between proper and inappropriate behavior, particularly with regard to gender roles; their surrounding environment; the rules, laws, norms and customs which we are obliged to follow etc., among others (Beal, 1994; Burn, 1996; Tischler, 2010).

The term culture-bound syndrome was initially coined by a psychiatrist - Pow Ming Yap, in the 1960s, based on his observation and studies by other researchers, which described the behavioral syndromes o diseases suffered by locals, which were generally unknown outside their localities. Some researchers have often referred to this syndrome as an 'atypical psychogenic psychosis'.

All academic and professional disciplines employ research processes in evaluating new or existing concepts that cannot be explained adequately with the already available information. In this regard, scholars and professionals conduct research activities in both natural and social science fields.

On friendship; Aristotle comes up with three types of friendship; they include utility, pleasure and virtue types of friendship (The Wire, par 1). Any individual should regard friendship as an important factor in life: Aristotle assets that friendship cannot be compared to honor and justice.

Fitness-for-duty is of particular interest since it determines the abilities of an officer to relate with his fellow officers and follow orders that pertains to their duties. On the other hand, fitness is essential when such officers are off duty since it determines their ability to relate with the public and obey public laws and orders.

Lack of morale in the workplace can be brought about by poor enumeration, little motivation, poor leadership style, lack of learning opportunities and lack of challenges in the workplace. According to Herzberg’s theory, the factors that lead to job satisfaction are relatively different from those that lead to job motivation.

If a person is open to new experiences and learns from mistakes, then he or she can achieve happiness and fulfilment in the present. Happiness and contentment are not attached to anything external but lie in accepting oneself and nourishing and developing all the good things in your own personality.

The author states that once the therapist penetrates the world of the client, he or she should be cautious not to mention any contradictions that the client might be having. Furthermore, the therapist should not suggest points that disagree with the stand point of the client or try to dig any information from the unconscious mind.

According to recent research, cyber-bullying is one of the newest platforms on which the youths are increasingly abusing each other (Hopeline, 2011). Internet and cell phone communications have been cited as tools for cyber-bullying. According to Hopline, what appalls, even more, is that cyber-bullying occurs during kids’ class time.

Some changes are observable while others are internal and occur in the individual. Both the males and the females undergo different body changes and they may also exhibit a change in behavior. On reaching adolescence, the child develops the ability to understand more abstract concepts (B., Sudhinarest, & Blum, 2010).

They focused on the development of resilience in children exposed to domestic violence. A researchable question derived from the articles previously mentioned would be: In what age bracket of children would intervention of domestic violence be most effective? The generalization from the articles yielded three protective factors for resilience in children.

In general, human beings learn through, observation or even through other classical methods. Humans learn how to adapt to specific disciplines as well as how to ignore some unnecessary responsive stimulus though classical methods. However, in applying the available learning methods, human beings must pass through a comprehensive cognitive process.

Amen, one of the psychologists, suggested neurophysiological and neurochemical changes occur when one is controlling his or her posture and movements while sleeping. This change comes as a result of mammalian sleep entailing synchronized sleep with high amplitude and accompanied by the low-frequency waves availed in the electroencephalogram.

These theories have been used to explain the difference in gender performance in adult learning. They have helped explain gender gaps in performances especially in mathematics and science subjects that is; boys perform better in these subjects than girls.

Anti-social disorder, bipolar, borderline personality disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder more or less share the same symptoms changing a patient in a way that identifying the root cause or disorder becomes a complex procedure, so making a realist assumption about the disorder and reaching the final decision as objectively as possible becomes literally an ordeal.

The author explains that the respondent will be addressed as Matthew here for research purpose, which is not his real name, actually. Matthew, 62 years old, had got retired from his job two years back and was spending most of his time in meditation and prayers, or in attending his family members. He visited his friends, ex-colleagues, and relatives.