Tourism is an Efficient Generator of Direct and Indirect Employment - Report Example

Tourism is an Efficient Generator of Direct and Indirect Employment Name Course Name and Code Date Introduction The tourism industry continues to shape different supportive sectors resulting in the creation of direct and indirect employment opportunities. Employment opportunities are important to the socio-economic development of regions, and the changing behavior of consumers towards tourism and related tourism activities means that it provides a platform for further expansion in employment opportunities. In the recent past, the tourism industry has been affected because the consumers tend to go towards disruptive business rather than the traditional approaches of business e.g. from hotel rooms to shared resource e.g. Airbnb (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). The focus has been the creation of direct employment in the establishments such as hotels and tour and guides sectors, and minimal researches and studies have been done on the effect of tourism on employment but have not incorporated both the direct and indirect employment opportunities. This essay examines tourism as an efficient generator of direct and indirect employment. The paper starts with discussions on the current growth and trends in the tourism, hospitality and events sectors, then present employment opportunities and lastly discuss the future of the industry. The Current Growth and Trends in the Tourism, Hospitality and Events Sectors The growth of the millennials has continuously influenced the tourism industry. The variables associated with emotional experience, interaction and exploration mean that the segment continues to grow at a fast rate (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). The tourism industry managers have to understand the significance of customer connection in addition to create products and services based on technology savvy and transparency (Getz and Page, 2016). Technology is integral to these customers and technology is used to power shopping, eating, payment, and check-in. In addition, these customer segment engages in social media such as TripAdvisor, Facebook, Yelp, and Twitter (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). Moreover, the millennials require a linkage between everyday lives and tourism activities. Cultural variables also play a crucial role including variables of multigenerational travelers, LGBT, and culture buffs, which also looks for novel and unique experiences. Therefore, marketers and the industry have to appreciate the uniqueness of the millennials and how the technology influences these millennials. Apart from millennials, the industry continues to be influenced by terrorism and political tensions. The populace continues to influence the government policies, and it is associated with distrust and has continuously challenged entrenched political parties (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). These governments and political/economic blocks push austerity measures, and economic policies along religious, cultural and ethnic tensions have resulted in an increase in civil unrest (Dredge et al. 2013). The issue continues to influence the countries in European, and the nationalist approach will expand to other regions. States and countries with religious and ethnic tensions along with weak economies and poor governance may contribute to terrorism or breeding terrorism (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). Even though the government and other institutions continue to implement actions to respond, protect and prevent terrorism, the world especially countries in US and Europe continues to be vulnerable (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). These terrorism including advisory from governments on not visiting some areas means that tourism traffic and preference would change. Disruption and sharing economy continues to influence the actions of people (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). The emergence of new business models based on peer-to-peer networks such as multisided platforms e.g. eBay and Google, others such as Lyft, Uber, and Airbnb means that options for doing business increases. Other free business models such as Flickr and Skype will continue influencing the business landscape (Dredge et al. 2013). These peer to peer networks continues to grow and expand and continue to pose stronger direct competition to conventional travel services. The growth of other technological techniques, effective meta-search engines, and other mobile technology continues to influence the business environments (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). It means that business and organizations are expected to consolidate and impact partnership with hotels and OTAs – over the air programming (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). These technologies will reduce reliance on hotels and conventional/traditional approaches to business. Sustainability and constraints associated with resources continue to influence the business activities. Consumers continue to seek for eco-friendly practices and green policy in marketing and use of the products (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). The environmental program and critiquing organizations without policies to support environment protection continue to influence the business environment (Getz and Page, 2016). Energy use and global warmth affect the way people live in the society and societal scale. Water scarcities and allocation of different resources in the northern China, South Asia, Sub-Sahara Africa and Middle East governments (Otgaar, Van Den Berg and Feng, 2016). The changing resource utilization such as the introduction of renewable energy and falling prices means that the cost of products and services reduces, which affects the transport industry. These numerous variables mean that the businesses have to adapt to changing amount of resources. Employment Opportunities There are numerous employment opportunities that can view as direct and indirect (Dredge et al. 2013). The following are a categorization of these employment opportunities: direct e.g. employed within the sector and indirectly employed in other sectors such as agriculture providing supplies to the hotel/tourism industry. Managerial and supervisory Managerial and supervisory opportunities are direct employment because people would be employed to guide other employees. For example, human resource managers would be required to recruit and maintain the employments. The HRM would also create development and training programs that directs the emerging needs of the industry (Dredge et al. 2013). The position requires experienced people within the tourism industry who can understand the dynamics of the sector and how numerous processes can be interlinked to ensure the industry operates smoothly (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). The managers would guide both direct and indirect sectors such as negotiating and engaging with suppliers, marketers, construction and transport sectors. Food preparation and production, waiters These individuals can be generalized and the middle and lower level employees (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). These employment opportunities require workers who engage directly with the customers and creating the environment, products, and services the customers wants (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). For example, the chef prepares food while the waiters serve the food. It also applies in the accommodation sector where the rooms have to be cleaned and maintained effectively (Getz and Page, 2016). These sectors create most of the employment opportunities because the number of hired individuals change based on different conditions. For instance, the events management frequently employ part-time employees to meet the demands of the customers. Transport, tour, and guide The employment opportunities include pilots, air hostess, taxi drivers, tour guides, and other employees who ensure the tourists and customers can move from one location to the next easily. Apart from directly carrying the customers, the transport industry ensures other resources required in the tourism and hospitality sector are delivered (Dredge et al. 2013). It includes the delivery of food and related products, disposal of waste, carrying construction materials for the hotels and tourism facilities. Due to the number of tourists and the development of tourism/hospitality industry, it means that the number of employees employed in the tourism industry would increase. Maintenance and resource developments Tourism and hospitality industry uses different facilities and resources to sustain the requirements and needs of the customers. For example, the transport industry requires engineers who can repair and maintain cars and airplanes (Dredge et al. 2013). It requires plumbers and electricians who can repair the drainage system and install renewable energy technologies. Construction and technology The industry requires more hotels, resorts, road infrastructure and technological backbones. People would be employed to construct the locations the customers can stay while others would be employed to develop the road and technological infrastructure. These constructions sometimes may not be demanding in nature since it may include clearing the paths with simple tools to the high demanding tasks of installing fiber optic infrastructure (Dredge et al. 2013). The design and development of websites including the sharing networking platforms also contribute to the wider employment opportunities. Food production/Farmers/Suppliers The tourists and other customers in the hospitality industry require certain resources such as food, toiletries, towels, sleeping resources, and entertainment. The hotels or tourism facilities are unable to produce these resources meaning, and these requirements are outsourced (Getz and Page, 2016). The television can be produced and supplied by a supplier, a farmer can produce and supply the potatoes and milk, and a carpenter can build and supply chairs and beds. All these are employment opportunities that do not factor into consideration the educational certificates but the experience. For instance, an individual can plant or keep cows easily with the only direction from certified people. Marketing (Media, Social, Media, Printing) To reach the customers, marketing is important. The customers have to be informed of the availability of the resources, the feature of an establishment, and the services. Engaging and informing the customers is crucial since it contributes to decision-making processes (Dredge et al. 2013). The employees required in the engagement sector include marketers who create the strategic action, designs who create the pamphlets and brochures; the video designers would take videos of the establishment, printing industry to printing the brochures, and the traditional and modern media platforms such as television and Twitter respectively. All these sectors require different employees meaning employment opportunities are created. The Future Predictions for the Industry and the New Employment Opportunities The tourism industry continues to change because of the influence of technology and political environment. The technology provides newer approaches of doing business and raising complaints. The businesses will also engage and partner with these facilities and frameworks to ensure they can communicate and address the requirements and concerns of the consumers (Getz and Page, 2016). The tourism industry will have to improve the services and products since the customers have numerous avenues whereby they can raise concerns, which can negate the business requirements. The consumer behavior is changing meaning decision making is changing towards reliance on online reviews and discussions. When an establishment is associated with poor services and products, chances of consumers visiting the establishment will reduce. The tourism sector will have to follow and search online about their establishment to see what the consumers say, and general satisfaction or views of the consumers. In addition, the amount of information increase that the consumers provide (Shani et al. 2014). For instance, there is the credit card information, food preference, room preference, booking expectations among other requirements (Kang, Gatling, and Kim, 2015). Systems should be in place to sieve through the information and memorize the information to reflect the wants and requirements of the consumers (Getz and Page, 2016). For example, repeat customer information should be in the system, and the customer would not be required to repeat the specifications e.g. if a customer wants two or three towels, when booking the information is already available, and the accommodation customized based on the preferences and wants of the customer. Furthermore, partnership and engagement in the tourism industry, and depends on the amount of information available (Dredge et al. 2013). These variables mean that effective systems should be in place to advance the requirements and expectations of both the businesses and the customers. Conclusion In conclusion, it is seen that tourism industry contributes towards creating both direct and indirect employment opportunities. Some of the employment opportunities include in the managerial and supervisory level, middle and lower levels, construction, maintenance, technology, and food production e.g. farming. However, studies have to be done to determine the impact of indirect employment opportunities on the wider objectives of the tourism industry; for example, what percentage of agriculture contributes to the development and sustenance of tourism industry? It is evident that tourism contributes to the employment opportunities, but the further analysis should be done on the wider negative impacts of tourism including the changing trends on future employment opportunities. For example, what would be the impact of disruptive technologies and sharing on the tourism industry? Will tourism industry embrace shared networking? Only when these numerous variables are considered, it would provide an effective platform in which the contribution of the tourism industry on employment can be quantified and qualified. References Dredge, D., Benckendorff, P., Day, M., Gross, M.J., Walo, M., Weeks, P. and Whitelaw, P.A., 2013. Drivers of change in tourism, hospitality, and event management education: An Australian perspective. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 89-102. Duncan, T., Scott, D.G. and Baum, T., 2013. The mobilities of hospitality work: An exploration of issues and debates. Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 41, pp. 1-19. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016. Event Studies: Theory, research, and policy for planned events. Routledge. Giampiccoli, A., Lee, S.S. and Nauright, J., 2015. Destination South Africa: Comparing global sports mega-events and recurring localized sports events in South Africa for tourism and economic development. Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 229-248. Kang, H.J., Gatling, A. and Kim, J., 2015. The impact of supervisory support on organizational commitment, career satisfaction, and turnover intention for hospitality frontline employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, vol. 14, no. 1, pp.68-89. Otgaar, A.H., Van Den Berg, L. and Feng, R.X., 2016. Industrial tourism: Opportunities for city and enterprise. London: Routledge. Saarinen, J. and Rogerson, C.M., 2014. Tourism and the millennium development goals: perspectives beyond 2015. Tourism Geographies, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 23-30. Shani, A., Uriely, N., Reichel, A. and Ginsburg, L., 2014. Emotional labor in the hospitality industry: The influence of contextual factors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 37, pp.150-158. Read More

Therefore, marketers and the industry have to appreciate the uniqueness of the millennials and how the technology influences these millennials. Apart from millennials, the industry continues to be influenced by terrorism and political tensions. The populace continues to influence the government policies, and it is associated with distrust and has continuously challenged entrenched political parties (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). These governments and political/economic blocks push austerity measures, and economic policies along religious, cultural and ethnic tensions have resulted in an increase in civil unrest (Dredge et al. 2013). The issue continues to influence the countries in European, and the nationalist approach will expand to other regions.

States and countries with religious and ethnic tensions along with weak economies and poor governance may contribute to terrorism or breeding terrorism (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). Even though the government and other institutions continue to implement actions to respond, protect and prevent terrorism, the world especially countries in US and Europe continues to be vulnerable (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). These terrorism including advisory from governments on not visiting some areas means that tourism traffic and preference would change.

Disruption and sharing economy continues to influence the actions of people (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). The emergence of new business models based on peer-to-peer networks such as multisided platforms e.g. eBay and Google, others such as Lyft, Uber, and Airbnb means that options for doing business increases. Other free business models such as Flickr and Skype will continue influencing the business landscape (Dredge et al. 2013). These peer to peer networks continues to grow and expand and continue to pose stronger direct competition to conventional travel services.

The growth of other technological techniques, effective meta-search engines, and other mobile technology continues to influence the business environments (Duncan, Scott and Baum, 2013). It means that business and organizations are expected to consolidate and impact partnership with hotels and OTAs – over the air programming (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). These technologies will reduce reliance on hotels and conventional/traditional approaches to business. Sustainability and constraints associated with resources continue to influence the business activities.

Consumers continue to seek for eco-friendly practices and green policy in marketing and use of the products (Giampiccoli, Lee and Nauright, 2015). The environmental program and critiquing organizations without policies to support environment protection continue to influence the business environment (Getz and Page, 2016). Energy use and global warmth affect the way people live in the society and societal scale. Water scarcities and allocation of different resources in the northern China, South Asia, Sub-Sahara Africa and Middle East governments (Otgaar, Van Den Berg and Feng, 2016).

The changing resource utilization such as the introduction of renewable energy and falling prices means that the cost of products and services reduces, which affects the transport industry. These numerous variables mean that the businesses have to adapt to changing amount of resources. Employment Opportunities There are numerous employment opportunities that can view as direct and indirect (Dredge et al. 2013). The following are a categorization of these employment opportunities: direct e.g. employed within the sector and indirectly employed in other sectors such as agriculture providing supplies to the hotel/tourism industry.

Managerial and supervisory Managerial and supervisory opportunities are direct employment because people would be employed to guide other employees. For example, human resource managers would be required to recruit and maintain the employments. The HRM would also create development and training programs that directs the emerging needs of the industry (Dredge et al. 2013).

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