Libertarianism or Free Press Theory, Development Communication Theory - Coursework Example

RUNNING HEADERS: Advice the Company TITLE: NAME: COURSE: INSTITUTION: TUTOR: DATE: Introduction Communication is passing of information from one person to another. Communication usually plays a vital role in an organization and every type of communication is classified according to theories that are based on. Some of the theories which this paper will discuss are; authority theory, free press theory, communist theory, development communication theory, two step flow theory, and others. There are a lot of communication barriers which this paper will discuss; some of them are culture barrier, distortion and many more. To ensure an effective communication in an organization, the governments have to come out with strong policy which will ensure flow of communication. CLASSICAL THEORIES Authoritarian Theory Authorization theory in mass media, though not beneath the direct control of the State, go behind its Western Europe autonomy of idea was aggressively guarded by a small number people who were worried with the appearance of a new middle class and were also concerned regarding to the effects of printed matter on their idea process. There were several measures which were taken to limit the freedom of expression, but it resulted to total dictatorship as it stimulated fanatical obedience to superior people and poses threat and punishment to those who were against the rules of censorship or didn’t revere authority. This theory originated from the authoritarian philosophy who argued that the state was not at risk when it is ruled by a few wise men. Libertarianism or Free Press Theory This is a movement that is based on the individual right, and it is against restraint. The State was seen as the main source of obstruction to the rights of individuals and their property. Libertarians proposed that taxation was institutional of larceny. The fathers of this theory were Lao Tzu (an early 16th century philosopher), John Milton and John Stuart Mill (who were essayist). In 1789, French wrote in the ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man’ that each an every citizen can speak; it’s through this doctrine where the idea of a free market place emerges. George Orwell defined libertarianism as permitting people to express their ideas even if you may don’t want to hear. Libertarians urged that the press should be observed as the Fourth Estate express public view. Communist Theory This theory is derived from the ideas of Engel and Marx that "the thoughts of the ruling classes are the ruling thoughts". It was believed that the whole mass media was saturated with bourgeois philosophy. This means that information have to be regulated in order to enjoy effective freedom of press. The theory suggests that the only importance of mass media was to educate a mass number of employees and not to poses information. The public was urged to give their opinion as it was the only best way that the media would be able to archive its objectives. Other theories were added by Latin Americans who were interested with social issues. Development Communication Theory The reality behind this theory was that there can’t be a development without communication. Capitalism was legitimized under the four classical theories, but in Development communication, the media embarked on the role of carrying out positive developmental programmer by tolerating regulations and instructions from certain countries. The Medias subordinated themselves to social, economic, cultural and political needs, even though there were stresses on the development of communication and journalism. Development communication theory doesn’t sails in the same boat with the commercialization of modern media and its top-down non-participant nature. The right to communicate and access information and bureaucratic control of media is totally belittled. 3) TWO STEP FLOW THEORY Before the discovery of television, Lazarsfeld, Berenson and Goudet performed a survey in American on mass campaigns. The data indicated that informal social relationships had a vital role in modifying the way in which individual selected content from the media movement. The investigation also shows that thoughts usually goes to newspaper and radio, then the first people to receive it are leaders followed by less active people in the society. Important issues in effective communication There has been several effective communications which deals with specific issues that clients have developed over few years, some of them include: Assertiveness straining: this is basically where they deal with bulling confrontation and complicated people. Business networking skills: majority of people usually engaged with stranger and socializing in humor magic with them. You have to learn how connect in the networking arena and build a proper relationships that will develop your company and take the tingle out of events. Coaching for manages: the Coaching Skills Training procedure gives an interactive and practical approach to learning the crucial skills for coaching as a manager. This is perfect for managers at all levels who may want to empower and stimulate their team in the best techniques of solving any type of problem. Advanced Presentation Skills training When someone gains confidence and reaches an experience level of presenting advanced presentation, the skills is the course that will transform a person from experienced presenter to a brilliant presenter. Creative business writing: you have to boost your marketing campaigns, reports, press releases, even your emails with this creative business writing workshop. You will also learn how to overcome of creating error in business writing so your writing can flow and you can stop worrying as deadlines approach Strategic thinking training: the words vision, strategy, mission and values can act as an introduction to the idea of strategic thinking as they are able to provide some practical tools and techniques for turning strategy into reality. Time management: an effective time management provides an edge over your competitors by giving you the clarity to get things done successfully. This workshop provides simple practical tools to assist delegates staying at their most effective track and always able to manage their time. Train the trainer: you need to train the trainer in order to for them to provide a higher trainee to your staff. The trainers have to provide a dynamic training environment to the staff for better training techniques. Berries of Communication There are many barriers in communication, which causes failure in communication, some of them are: Noise, this refer to the distraction or influence of the sound while communicating Distortion: this is loss of meaning of the message of the handling while communication is taking place. Lack of communication skills: encoder and decoder may lack communication skills thus causing barrier to communication. Information overload: lost of crucial information may be termed as barrier to communication thus being a big hindrance to effective communication Gender difference: gender differences can also be another barrier to effective communication different men and different women talk differently with a different style thus hindering or being barrier to effective communication Non verbal communication: oral communication is always accompanied by nonverbal communication thus they have a cue of tendency to hinder the right message Physical barriers: this include, marked out territories, empires and fields in which strangers are not allowed to close office doors, barrier screens, separate areas for people of different groups and status areas or working in one unit that is physically separate from others. Emotional barrier: emotion communication is one of the chief barriers to open and free communications. It is comprised mainly because of fear, uncertainty and doubt. This roots of our emotional of others lie in our childhood and youth when we were taught to be careful of our emotion and what we and how we talk to other and more also the way we display our our Cultural barriers: different communicates around the globe speaks distinct languages, thus become difficult for individual to pass information to other society unless they have a translator of have a common language like English. Gender barriers: there is a different between communication in woman and communication in men, this still vary with amount of word they speak in a day. A woman speaks 22000 to 23000 words a day while a man speak 7000 to 10000 words a day. This means that you have to be very keen when you spoke with women as they speak faster and you may miss some words. Also, language spoken by youths may differ from language spoken by old people. Mostly, youths usually modify languages into their simplest form where not all people can understand. Characteristic of barrier to communication Communication in work place: transmission of message is caused by diverse interfaces in the work place which are caused by different communication technique in the work place, gender and communication method. Frame of the references how men and women communicate and increase their effectiveness at work (Princeton, 1996). Nonverbal and verbal communication: In every form of communication either verbal or non-verbal in a company has to be simple and clear, to the point to avoid miscommunication. Non-verbal communication includes gestures facial expression, body language and touch. It’s very important for staffs to use understandable gesture to avoid inconveniences in organization. Areas of government economic policy Economic policy refer to the areas that the government covers a system for setting together with labor market, nation ownership and other areas where government may intervene in order to protect economy. A successful economy needs a high level of skills from its staffs. For example, in UK, there’s a decline in development and research, and venture in new training and technology. But, the government has taken measure by improving matters by bringing practical subjects into the national curriculum and increasing vocational qualifications. Other measures include forming a Training and Enterprise Councils to supervise schemes, such as employment training and youth training. It is argued that more training of those in work could be helpful. The types of economic government policy Macroeconomic stabilization policy or trade policy this refers to the traffic trade agreement and international policy that govern them. This policy is designed to govern the economic growth related to economic development growth, redistribution of income wealth, stabilization policy, and others. Fiscal policy: due to increase in investment, the government is supposed to increase its investment in order to maintain its government policy; this is by crating of more job opportunities which sustain government policy Infrastructure: the infrastructure is another key issues that government need to look upon while looking at the fiscal policy, however infrastructure have to be maintained in order to continue marketing for goods which help in boosting of the government economics Increment of salary The government is supposed to increase salary of its worker to maintain its fiscal policy; this boosts its people in everything business and also motivates workers, however government is supposed to come up with its own strategic manner of controlling saran thus managing its people in its best way Creating of jobs: the government is supposed to be creative in job investment thus encouraging youth in the method to approach and performs their duty government cresatejob opportunity by involving the youth in national development opportunities thus making every youth to be more patria pant in national development in the country where most youth lead the job they set as an example in their forth coming generation and their governors of which way to follow. Training of entrepreneur The government is supposed to train entrepreneur and educate them on the economic issues, and its policy are supposed to be known by every entrepreneur in certain country which is controlled by a certain government. Business cycles The areas or business cycle became a predominant issue in the 19th century, as it became clear that industrial output, employment, and profit behaved in a cycle manner. One of the first proposed policy solutions to the problem came with the work of Kenyans, who proposed that fiscal policy could be used actively to ward off depressions, recessions and slumps. The school argues bank and other government policy to create business cycle Conclusion Communication is very important in every organization as it joins all staff to work together. A successful organization needs to have an effective communication which is free from any barrier. Barrier may result to serious problems in an organization or might lead to dissolution. On other hand, the government must play its part very well by ensuring that exact policy are enacted correctly in order to ensure proper growth of economy. Reference Sarika, S. (2008). Data mining research for customer relationship management systems: a framework and analysis. International Journal of Business Information Systems. Jennings, P. & G. Beaver (1997). The performance and competitive advantage of small firms: a management perspective. International Small Business Journal. Blois, K. (1999). Trust in Business to Business Relationships: An Evaluation of its Status. Journal of Management Studies. Joshi, R. (2005). International Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press Hay, M. & K. Kamshad (1994). Small firm growth: intentions, implementation and impediments. Business Strategy Review. Dwyer, R., Shurr, P. and Oh, S. (1987). Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing Hanmer-Lloyd, S. (1996). 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