Macro & Microeconomics Essays

Prices, like money, make the exchange of good and services in the market possible. If money income determines the type and quantity of goods and services that the consumers can demand, price dictates the type and quantity of goods and services that producers will supply and make available for sale in the market.  

The distribution of wealth is not uniform in most economies, may they be developed or developing ones. There is always a clear demarcation between the haves and the have not’s; the richer section of society as compared to the poorer one. It is true that a rise in the level of income of the people in a country leads to an overall rise in the GDP. 

Economic hardships and uncertainties among consumers have been the result of the economy trade links, with global economies playing a crucial role in transmitting economic shocks to all economy participants. Such economic shocks can evidently be linked to the resultant changes to consumer behavior. Although consumer behavior may also be influenced by other factors such as cultural and social influences, economic capabilities, and expectations.

The government was learned to use up fewer resources on the factor of public transportation compared to the highways. It levies taxes to a minimum extent on the gasoline compared to the other different nations. The government is also learned to use up or spend substantial amounts for the reason of keeping up the oil pour coming from the nations of the Middle East. This ensures economic progress along with facilitating community vitality).

The UAE government strategy 2008-2010 was introduced for achieving sustainable and balanced development, for providing the best possible standards of living to the nationals of the UAE and finally for developing a federal government mechanism that enhances the performance level in all the sectors of federal entities.

In order to ensure a smooth flow of goods, global agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) attempts to harmonize the rules. While countries like New Zealand had benefitted a lot by being a member of WTO, still it faces barriers to trade, particularly from its trading partners like the US. It may not affect ANZ National Bank directly as its trading interest is not much.

This is not to say that everything Orman and Tyson discuss is impractical. They offer a good amount of advice. Even with the coming changes in financing, people should know their credit score. They should study their options carefully and know their financial limits before spending. It is also important that consumers make a budget.

The main reasons for the toys to be recalled were because they were coated with lead paint, which could cause damage to brain cells in kids. According to the report, the previous month, a ghoulish fake eyeball toy made in China was recalled after it was found to be filled with kerosene. Other toys were also recalled due to choking hazards. 

This paper attempts to present different calculations involved in finding CPI Indices, Real GDP from Nominal GDP as well as using descriptive statistics to explain a given data set.It appears from the result that by CPI increases successively in each year no matter what base year has been set up apart from some observations i.e. for the year 1998, 1999, 2002 and 2009. These findings can be confirmed by calculating the inflation.

One of the reasons for the prevailing infrastructure deficit is that funding infrastructure have grown progressively inadequate.Normally, the public infrastructure is financed by the general taxes as well as the highway trust monies.Most of the infrastructure is financed by the state funds and the municipal bond market but increased federal regulations and debt limitations have resulted in the restriction of loans that can be taken by the state.

The purpose of this paper is to show how internet technology has dramatically altered the way businesses operate and how significant e-commerce is for the UK economy and the major inhibitors which may affect the penetration of e-commerce. This paper also presents some workable solutions to tackle such inhibitors.

The intensity of the effect is especially felt in the developing economies which have but a small stock of resources with which to revive their frail economic system. Potency of the crisis seems to be cumbersome particularly because of the financial system of an economy being the more affected segment of the economy.

Even if a country has an abundant supply of prime commodities, it may lack the supply of others. It would be more beneficial for their economy, and in turn to their people, to have a steady supply of commodities that their own country cannot provide for it lacks in their boundaries. Judgment on which economy to be implemented truly is a herculean task. It has to address the needs of the general population, without compromising their own welfare.

Some economists argue that the best outcome will be achieved if the economy is left on its own. Market economies have shown the remarkable capability of raising population living standards and reducing poverty all through the world. Centrally designed or socialist economies have failed miserably to deliver slightly comparable results. Policies that guide to the development in the competence of the labor force or higher rates of the venture. 

Corporate social responsibility has received little attention in the popular and academic press during the last decade. Efforts to investigate social responsibility and its relationship to corporate performance have been frustrated by a lack of adequate operationalizations and measures of social responsibility. Regardless of the reasons for this inattention to the issues of corporate responsibility, the tide appears to be turning.

Every new company aspiring to succeed in any particular industry and economy needs to first address various important elements before making a formal entry into that sector or economy. The analysis of the strategies for making a successful entry into the market varies from industry to industry and economy to economy.

They take risks and decisions that ordinarily would not be attempted normally but they are well planned. They rely on their education, experience, and expertise, and with the self-efficacy that they have developed over a period of exposure and time they come up with radical solutions that will be compelling and acceptable to the consumer. To sum up, entrepreneurship is a process defined by its characteristics and persons like Sim Wong Hoo.

The analysis of the data gathered and presented in the preceding chapters shows that the continued growth of the corn ethanol production industry has an adverse impact on the price of corn which further impacts the price of food as corn is used in the production of various kinds of food commodities.

In the present time, the extent of regulation is not that high and deregulation also carries attendant risks. The current global financial crisis that originated in the defaults on subprime mortgages has been caused by deregulation that increased the availability of credit without attendant safeguards. 

The result found emphasized the lack of capability by measures based on it because fundamentally, they do not answer social, cultural and other country-specific variables that characterize poverty. Measuring poverty is typically undertaken by establishing a poverty line or threshold that indicates the minimum income or consumption necessary to meet basic needs.

The banking crisis of 2007-2008 brought about the worst global recession since World War II. Without the timely interventions of the central banks of different countries, the crisis would no doubt have been worst than it was. We cannot deny the fact that the infusion of money into the ailing economy by different governments helped stave off further economic problems from cropping up.

Foremost among the arguments supporting exemption is the historical disadvantage suffered by developing countries.  For example, most of the countries whose economies are in transition today are erstwhile colonies of European imperialist states.  As a result of the exploitation and usurpation of resources during the process of imperialism, these nations were left highly indebted and economically weak. 

To understand the relationship between income inequality and globalization Axel Dreher and Noel Gaston carried out research and observed that globalization has worsened the situation. The results of their study showed a devastating result in income inequality among OECD countries. They also observed that the less-developed countries have had a little impact on the inequality fractions.

A way to compute the magnitude of differences in the distribution in job categories of males and females is through the index of segregation. By using the index, the percentages of male or female workers who must change jobs are identified to balance the job distribution between the two groups. The index must be zero if the distribution is identical while one hundred percent for purely male or female job category.

Emerging out of the shadows of World War II, Japan worked hard to recoup its losses after the defeat to the Allied forces. It can be imagined

If one were to track the long term effects of exploration and extraction in addition to refining and distribution costs and the whole process, it would be safe to say that a moderate price that is neither too low nor too high should be the norm as this leads to a win-win situation for the consumers and producers.

Over and above it can be noted that FMLA is an Act which provides for employees to take certain days off in the event that they are in dire situations that would require them to be off duty and this would not be counted as leave since they would not be entitled to get any payment during the period they would be off.

While economists may argue that local and national governments should not try what can be performed by individuals, socialists answer back by stating that labour that targets service is a better one that encourages personal profit. Private and market-driven companies have always been viewed as better performers in terms of production. 

Unbalanced growth is arguably the better one out of the two in case of a scarcely populated economy, since such a region can easily adopt itself to technological improvements. But one point that must be emphasised upon is that, it was out of criticisms for balanced growth that led to the birth of unbalanced growth theories.

Surveys or informal interviews were only conducted on a few individuals, such as personalities who have direct knowledge in the property market of Australia, but it was explained that this was only for the purpose of this study. No questionnaires are formulated and no surveys have been conducted on the topic.  

The Phillips curve, which has played an important role in macroeconomic theory since the early 1960s, can be viewed as an intermediate form of supply function, in which process is partially, but not fully, flexible so that both the level of output and the price level share in the adjustment to the various shocks impinging on the economy.

There are other types of bubbles that do not occur due to the natural cycle but as a result of investor exuberance. Usually, it takes place in securities, real estate, and stock markets. Therefore, all the bubbles give an alarming signal. The government should take action in time to avoid the painful results of the burst.

It has benefited the oil industry in particular and the general industry, by and large, has coped up. The stable and growing GDP bears testimony to this fact. However the two concerns of rising inflation, though moderate at this stage, and rising interest rates are areas that will need constant monitoring and corrections. 

The systems advanced by Schumpeter and Friedman trump those introduced and backed by Keynes and those who follow his “demand-side” theories. That doesn’t mean that government demand is not important, or that overall demand must remain high.

Profit is decided by how many products sold and not by what is sold The profit of a firm in the perfect market is determined by the number of products produced and marketed by the firm. The profit per unit remains the same for all firms and if a firm needs to increase its profit, the only way is to produce and market as many products as needed.

Earth is beset by a series of crises affecting the development of our planet. An environmental crisis has been brought to light through the increased attention paid to the global warming phenomenon and international climate change; a political crisis which is occurring in some of the poorest stretches of the world as populations continue to grow. 

And so, economic managers must come up with entirely new approaches and, certainly, funds just so the economy would not get slide further into recession. The economic performance as a result of these policies cannot yet be quantified, whether they are successful or not. At this point, authorities could only predict the statistics.

There are many different reasons associated with this financial collapse. Different reasons have been given over the years, mostly it is however agreed that it was a failure of not only banking institutions but also federal legislations. This depression had been in the works for quite some time due to the fast growth that the world markets were seeing.

The literature entitled ‘Strategic Interaction among EU Governments in Active Labor Market Policy-making: Subsidiarity and Policy Coordination under the European Employment Strategy’ discussed the Active Labour Market (ALM) – a local labor market policy or program that was implemented by the European governments in order to minimize the effect of globalization on employment opportunity.

The contemporary economies are characterized globalization and formation of economic blocs by many nations for common economic goals. Economic blocs such as the European Union are characterized by urban and regional economies with divergent goals regardless of their engagement in cooperative or cohesive interests and ends. The specific needs for economic growth within cities and regions have led to a competitive environment within the EU.

System dependency ratio refers to the ratio of pensioners to contributing workers. This is particularly relevant in the case of Pay As You Go (PAYG) schemes. With a rise in the number of pensioners, and with many of them living longer than before, the system-dependency ratio is likely to become skewed in the future.

But rapid and unplanned growth has grave consequences or side effects as well. The demand for energy to fuel the developmental process will lead to the import of energy resources. The gap between the have-nots and haves is bound to increase. Worse still, the impact of the environment due to effluents from automobiles and factories will be severe.

From a general point of view, it could be stated that the expansion of a firm’s activities in China would be extremely positive for the specific firm – in terms of the profits expected by such an initiative. However, it should be noticed that appropriate alterations should be made in the existing company’s strategies.

The GDP treats free time and quality time with family the manner it treats basic human needs such as air and water: as possessing no importance at all (ibid). When the demand for a second occupation curtails the time available for the family or community, the GDP counts this loss as an economic leverage. Then there is the concern of obsessive-compulsive consumption.

International political economy revolves around activities which take place among international actors like states, global corporations, international organisations, and social movements. There are a large number of theoretical frameworks in international political economy (IPE). Traditionally, the questions of international political economy have been discussed along three theoretical traditions. They are mercantilism, liberalism, and Marxism.

All said and done, it is up to the particular people who are at the helm of affairs within these regimes to understand the manner in which these bodies operate and work under and when they qualify each other on a single platform, then only can one find out the best manner in which countries can move forward and work in unison with each other, for the betterment of the whole international regime related with trade. 

Offshoring emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s initially with tasks related to customer services but now encompasses a broader range of activities including software development, and other activities requiring high skilled human capital. This issue is politically charged as the number of jobs that could be relocated is large. 

The FFE's investment was heavy in transport and food processing sectors and was concentrated in serving the local markets. There was no domestic competition in these areas and hence the government measure to stimulate technology transfer or better performance from the FFEs were futile efforts (Tseng & Zebregs).

Decision making in the firm, therefore, is now attuned to getting the best values for all the stakeholders, shareholders, workers, customers, management and even the community at large. Successful management has stopped looking at the singular aim of reducing cost and maximizing profits and are now aiming to satisfy all stakeholders.

In 1999, this number had grown vastly since the number of registered enterprises stood at around 2.9 million. In addition to the registered enterprises, there were a good number of unregistered ones operating in the former Soviet Union. Despite the high level of rising in the enterprises, number, it has not triggered economic output rise as well.