Joanne That Was Arrested by the Police - Case Study Example

Case plan Student’s name: Tutor’s name: Institution: Date: 1. Compare and contrast the utility of different models of case management for use with this particular client (1000 words); Case management mainly refers to the collaborative practice of assessment, facilitation, planning, advocacy, and care coordination for substance abuse individuals to enhance their recovery process without necessarily going to the hospital. The various models of case management mainly constitutes the generalist/ brokerage models, the intensive case model, the rehabilitation model and the strength based case management (Morrissey, Meyer & Cuddeback, 2007). Each of these models has been observed to depict certain levels of effectiveness towards enhancing the patient recovery process. The case presented herein involves Joanne, a 22-year-old teen who was arrested by the police. She was found in possession of a little heroin in her pocket. Joanne was then charged with one count of stealing and one count of being in possession of a prohibited drug, heroin. Moreover, she was given a one count of assault, and later released on bail. The Case management plan has therefore been instituted for Joanne and is used in analysis her recovery process (Burns et al., 2009). This paper will analyze the level of effectiveness of the above mentioned case management models and then relate each model with Joanne’s case. The brokerage/ generalist model mainly aims at identifying the needs of the client, and then assisting them to access the necessary resources that correspond to their needs. This case management has been used among other similar population as the other specialized models. In case ongoing monitoring is provided, it should be brief and not need active advocacy. Most researchers disparage this model due to the little contact exhibited between the client and case manager, and also lack of advocacy. The use of this approach is mainly appropriate in cases where social services and treatment have been prescribed for the client (Bernabei et al., 2008). This model has been observed to be highly effective among economically stable clients, who have sufficient resources and significant intents. While working with substance abusing clients, the staff members offer intensive home based counseling services, and at the same time assist them in accessing certain resources that they may need, such as affordable and safe housing, as well as sufficient health. Through these, the clients obtain the relevant intervention to their health (Godley, Godley, & Wallace, 2004). This model can be applied in Joanne’s case since it aims at identifying the needs of the client and helping them access the necessary resources. Nonetheless, the little interaction between client and case manager may limit its application in Joanne’s case. It may therefore not yield perfectly the required results. Relatively, the intensive case management model refers to a community based care package aimed at providing long term care for mentally ill persons whose conditions are severe, but do not require admission. Intensive case management model evolved from two community models of assertive community treatment, case management, and community models of care. In this case, ICM emphasizes on the importance of minor caseload and high intensity input. ICM has been observed to be effective in ameliorating various outcomes that are relevant to individuals with severe mental disorders. Compared to the standard care ICM, it was observed to increase care retention and reduce hospitalization. Moreover, a number of researches have shown it to improve social functioning (Bond, Miller, Krumwied, & Ward, 2008). The largest beneficiaries of ICM are the people suffering from severe mental illnesses mainly found within the subgroup of patients with high levels of hospitalization. Application of this model in Joanne’s case is limited to the fact that Joanne’s condition is not severe. The client, Joanne, can still manage her condition and subjecting her to conditions necessary for persons with severe mental disorder may ruin her further. The rehabilitation model is mainly pegged on the belief that punishment should be used in bringing change to individuals. The punishment ought to be for the individual development. The main concept behind this is that the punishment would help in improving the individual’s welfare and change them for the better. The formal application of punishment in rehabilitating offenders has for a long time been applied within various social paradigms as a tool of change. Americans have perceived punishment as a way of shaping the future behavior of criminals and deterring them from engaging in criminal activities (Bond, Miller, Krumwied, & Ward, 2008). The rehabilitation model speculates that sanctions ought to be used in changing what made the offender to engage in the crime. This model can be applied to Joanne. However, it may not yield so much result since Joanne seemed resilient when confronted by the guards. Punishment may not be the right intervention for her case since it involves the use of force in bringing correction. The Strength based case management model mainly revolves around the social work practice theory which lay emphasis on a person’s self determination and strengths. This model is client led, and mainly focuses on the future outcome and strengths that the clients depict in a crisis. This model focuses on the better side of the patient. This model has been used and applied in various contexts. One such context is working with people with mental illness. This approach has further been seen to enhance the strength and build the individual’s characteristics which they already had. The strength based approach seems to offer the right intervention for Joanne. This model will consider Joanne’s strength and the future outcome of the intervention. Thus it would help her establish on good social morals and behavior. Compared to the other models, the strength base case management model seems to work well for Joanne. The intensive case management approach is often aimed at assisting the individuals maintain housing and good quality of life through skill enhancements and development plans (Dvoskin & Steadman, 2004). Such could not have suited Joanne’s case effectively. The rehabilitation model, on the other hand, uses a multidisciplinary team approach in analyzing the case (Bond, Miller, Krumwied & Ward, 2008). This would not have been suitable for analyzing Joanne’s situation. It is, therefore, evident that despite the viability of the various models mentioned above, the strength based case management seems to stand out as strongest and most viable. 2. Case note The client name is Joanne Maison, a 22-year-old lady who has been given three counts charges. Joanne’s father passé away seven years ago and the mother re-partnered. She lives with the siblings, Jessica and Jason alongside her five-month infant. She lost her job and currently not employed. She was not good in school either, she considers most her subjects to be boring, and therefore she never enjoyed her learning. She admits that friends influenced her into using heroin, and claimed that she would feel better and get along well. She further admits stealing nappies for her baby since she had little money left and did not want to spend on that. She has been using heroin for about six months, though she says not so often. She did a little hairdressing apprenticeship and left upon getting Pearl’s pregnancy. Though she had never considered counseling as an option or intervention, she longs to get over her drug use and addiction. Her next appointment will be on Tuesday at 3.30 to evaluate the court response in regards to her case management response. 3. The risk and protective factors available for the client Joanne’s situation involves a number of risk factors that are likely to affect her life negatively. The risk factors are mainly depicted by the charge counts levied on Joanne when she was arrested. She was accused of one count of stealing, one count of assault, and in possession of a prohibited drug. Initially, she drew the attention of the staff at the K-Mart stores when she was seen opening packets of nappies and putting in her pockets and jacket. Joanne further turned abusive to the security officers in charge of the Shopping Centre. Initially, she co-operates, but upon hearing of police engagement with the issue, she turned violent and abusive (Link & Phelan, 2006). She even attempted to run away from the guards and became both physically and verbally abusive to them. This equally presents a risk factor which involves violence (Swartz et al. 2014). Being in possession of heroin is equally a risk factor mainly depicting the nature of friends and company she had. According to the audio/ visual assessment, she admits that her friends influenced her into using the drugs and that she felt good after its use. This is an insinuation that she was already in the company of friends who abused drugs and other substances. On the records, she is said to have been issued with a cannabis infringement notice four years ago. This further insinuates that she has at least had the history of using drugs. Her history with drugs portrays some levels of addiction to drugs. The interview with Joanne depicts a close relationship that she had with the father before his demise. She narrates how much the father was fun, and would take her fishing. The passing of her father seems to have had a great psychological impact on her. It is after the death of the father that she was given the cannabis infringement, an implication that she must have turned to drugs to get off her frustrations (Raymont et al., 2004). As if that was not enough, the mother re-partnered, hence causing her and the siblings to develop more hatred towards the mother. The life of Joanne, therefore, seems to be revolving around frustrations that make her susceptible to engaging in various risky activities. The fact that Joanne is unemployed also puts her in a tricky situation. She has a young baby, Pearl, who needs care. She lacks a stable source of income, and this could have been the reason for her stealing nappies at the mall and stuffing inside her pocket. The single parent payment she admits helps her, but she lacks the independence of being in possession of her money hence affecting her behavior (Rozanski et al. 2005) . The above conditions seem to subject Joanne to a number of psychological trauma and distress, which makes her susceptible to engaging in various illegal and risky activities (Bernabei et al. 2008). Nonetheless, her interaction with the officer indicated a number of protective factors, which can help her through the process of recovery (Garmezy, 2007). These factors, mainly encompass conditions and skills that enable her to handle effectively the stressful moments (Folsom et al. 2005). One of the protective factors includes her willingness to stop engaging in drug use. During her assessment in the audio/ video presentation, she expresses a great desire to disengage from drug use. She further admits that counseling would help her a great deal (Rutter, 2010). The case management model is equally a great source of motivation and strength for her recovery from drug addiction. The case management model applied in her case is the strength-based case management model. The strength base case management model mainly emphasis on the individual’s strengths and then capitalizes on such to enhance the recovery process (Godley, Godley & Wallace, 2004). The officer seems to encourage her towards seeking viable interventions for her addiction. For instance, the officer asks her if she has ever considered counseling to help her get through the process. The presence of Pearl, her daughter and the other siblings Jessica and Jason are an equally protective factor. These people give her some level of responsibility towards and make her strive to ensure that their basic needs are met. At the same time, she admits to searching for a job. This too can count as a strength factor since through her job, she would be able to earn her living and get the best of her life (Brown, Beck, Steer, & Grisham, 2000). She can, therefore, find the right job and use it to establish her family financially and meet every need. A combination of these protective factors alongside the case management model would help her not be susceptible to bad company, drug use, and even petty theft cases (Rapp, 2008). Despite the existence of risk factors around her, continuous exposure to the case management models would help her gain quick recovery from her drug use and psychological trauma that she experiences causing her to engage in the illegal activities (Coie et al, 1993). References Ashety, R. (2002). National Institute on drug abuse. Progress and Issues in Case Management, 1(4), 1-395. Bernabei, R., Landi, F., Gambassi, G., Sgadari, A., Zuccala, G., Mor, V., ... & Carbonin, P. (2008). Randomized trial of impact of model of integrated care and case management for older people living in the community. BMJ, 316(7141), 1348. Bond, G. R., Miller, L. D., Krumwied, R. D., & Ward, R. S. (2008). Assertive case management in three CMHCs: A controlled study. Psychiatric Services, 39(4), 411-418. Brown, G. K., Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Grisham, J. R. (2000). Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: a 20-year prospective study. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 68(3), 371. Burns, T., Creed, F., Fahy, T., Thompson, S., Tyrer, P., & White, I. (2009). Intensive versus standard case management for severe psychotic illness: a randomised trial. The Lancet, 353(9171), 2185-2189. Coie, J. D., Watt, N. F., West, S. G., Hawkins, J. D., Asarnow, J. R., Markman, H. J., ... & Long, B. (1993). The science of prevention: a conceptual framework and some directions for a national research program. American psychologist, 48(10), 1013. Draine, J., Salzer, M. S., Culhane, D. P., & Hadley, T. R. (2002). Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 53(5), 565-573. Dvoskin, J., & Steadman, H. (2004). Hospital and community psychiatry. Using Intensive Case Management to Reduce Violence by Mentally Ill Persons in the Community, 45(7). Folsom, D. P., Hawthorne, W., Lindamer, L., Gilmer, T., Bailey, A., Golshan, S., ... & Jeste, D. V. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors for homelessness and utilization of mental health services among 10,340 patients with serious mental illness in a large public mental health system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 370-376. Garmezy, N. (2007). Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors. Recent research in developmental psychopathology, 4, 213-233. Godley, S., Finch, M., Dougan, L., McDonnell, M., & McDermeit, M. (2000). JOurnal of substance abuse traement. Case Management for Dually Diagnosed Individuals Involved in the Criminal Justice System, 18(3), 137–148-137–148. Godley, S., Godley, M., & Wallace, J. (2004). Journal of Substance abuse Treatment. Case Management Services for Substance Abusers: A Program Description Adolescent, 11(4), 309-317. Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. The Lancet, 367(9509), 528-529. Morrissey, J., Meyer, P., & Cuddeback, G. (2007). Community Mental Health Journal. Extending Assertive Community Treatment to Criminal Justice Settings: Origins, Current Evidence, and Future Direction, 43(5), 527-541. Rapp, C. A. (2008). The strengths model: Case management with people suffering from severe and persistent mental illness. Oxford University Press. Raymont, V., Bingley, W., Buchanan, A., David, A. S., Hayward, P., Wessely, S., & Hotopf, M. (2004). Prevalence of mental incapacity in medical inpatients and associated risk factors: cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 364(9443), 1421-1427. Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Davidson, K. W., Saab, P. G., & Kubzansky, L. (2005). The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice: the emerging field of behavioral cardiology. Journal of the american college of cardiology, 45(5), 637-651. Rutter, M. (2010). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316. Solomon, P. (2002). The efficacy of case management services for severely mentally disabled clients. Community mental health journal, 28(3), 163-180. Swartz, M. S., Swanson, J. W., Hiday, V. A., Borum, R., Wagner, H. R., & Burns, B. J. (2014). Violence and severe mental illness: the effects of substance abuse and nonadherence to medication. Read More